三位经济学家共享诺奖
隔壁老王(怀念贝尔法斯特的时光)
中新网10月11日电 据外电报道，瑞典皇家学院11日宣布，美国经济学家彼得·戴蒙德(Peter A. Diamond)、莫特森(Dale T. Mortensen)，英裔、塞浦路斯籍经济学家克里斯托弗·皮萨里德斯(Christopher A. Pissarides)三位学者共同获得2010年诺贝尔经济学奖。 据介绍，彼得·戴蒙德生于1940年，1960年毕业于耶鲁大学，获数学学士学位；1963年，年仅23岁就获得了麻省理工学院经济学博士学位，之后在加州大学伯克利分校开始教学生涯。自1966年起至今，戴蒙德一直在麻省理工学院任教。2002至2003年，戴蒙德被推选为美国经济协会主席。 上月13日，美国总统奥巴马提名戴蒙德为美联储委员会理事。 据了解，彼得·戴蒙德(Peter Diamond)是世代交叠模型的提出者，社会保障、养老金和税收问题专家。 Why are so many people unemployed at the same time that there are a large number of job openings? How can economic policy affect unemployment? This year’s Laureates have developed a theory which can be used to answer these questions. This theory is also applicable to markets other than the labor market. On many markets, buyers and sellers do not always make contact with one another immediately. This concerns, for example, employers who are looking for employees and workers who are trying to find jobs. Since the search process requires time and resources, it creates frictions in the market. On such search markets, the demands of some buyers will not be met, while some sellers cannot sell as much as they would wish. Simultaneously, there are both job vacancies and unemployment on the labor market. This year’s three Laureates have formulated a theoretical framework for search markets. Peter Diamond has analyzed the foundations of search markets. Dale Mortensen and Christopher Pissarides have expanded the theory and have applied it to the labor market. The Laureates’ models help us understand the ways in which unemployment, job vacancies, and wages are affected by regulation and economic policy. This may refer to benefit levels in unemployment insurance or rules in regard to hiring and firing. One conclusion is that more generous unemployment benefits give rise to higher unemployment and longer search times. Search theory has been applied to many other areas in addition to the labor market. This includes, in particular, the housing market. The number of homes for sale varies over time, as does the time it takes for a house to find a buyer and the parties to agree on the price. Search theory has also been used to study questions related to monetary theory, public economics, financial economics, regional economics, and family economics. Peter A. Diamond, US citizen. Born 1940 in New York City, NY, USA. Ph.D. 1963, Institute Professor and Professor of Economics, all at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA. Dale T. Mortensen, US citizen. Born 1939 in Enterprise, OR, USA. Ph.D. 1967 from Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Ida C. Cook Professor of Economics at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. Christopher A. Pissarides, British and Cypriot citizen. Born 1948 in Nicosia, Cyprus. Ph.D. 1973, Professor of Economics and Norman Sosnow Chair in Economics, all at London School of Economics and Political Science, UK. Prize amount: SEK 10 million to be shared equally between the Laureates. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, founded in 1739, is an independent organization whose overall objective is to promote the sciences and strengthen their influence in society. The Academy takes special responsibility for the natural sciences and mathematics, but endeavours to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplines. http://finance.sina.com.cn/world/gjjj/20101011/19228759804.shtml
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