研究机构与项目介绍:SFI美国圣菲研究所

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来自: zzllrr(小乐笑了) 组长
2010-01-24 20:59:29

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  • zzllrr

    zzllrr (小乐笑了) 组长 楼主 2010-03-30 21:12:30

    SFI RESEARCH TOPICS 1 Dynamics & Quantitative Studies of Human Behavior RESEARCH SUMMARY A priority focus of research at the Institute continues to be the emergence, persistence and demise of social institutions and their co-evolution with distinctive human behaviors — such as altruistic cooperation, out-group hostility and adaptive learning — typically overlooked in standard economic and other behavioral science models. In line with the well-established scientific tradition of the Institute, this research is characterized by (a) its trans-disciplinary nature, (b) its use of nonlinear dynamical systems to study the explicit out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the relevant processes, (c) and sustained interaction between mathematical modeling and well-defined empirical case studies and problems of potentially great contemporary practical relevance. Summarized here are several research areas. SUB TOPICS Agent-based Modeling in the Social Sciences Emergence and Robustness of Community Structures Financial Markets as an Empirical Laboratory Geographic Structure, Demographic History, and Approximate Bayesian Computation The Cost of Money as a Public Good The Dynamics of Civilizations The Evolution of Human Behaviors & Institutions The Evolution of Human Languages War Time Sexual Violence

  • zzllrr

    zzllrr (小乐笑了) 组长 楼主 2010-03-30 21:13:31

    SFI RESEARCH TOPICS 2 Emergence, Organization & Dynamics of Living Systems RESEARCH SUMMARY Research on living systems at SFI spans: the origin of metabolism from early-earth geochemistry; the integration of energy capture, reproduction, and mutation in artificial organisms; the creation of minimal forms of life; the core principles governing ecosystem construction, stability, and measurement; the mechanisms providing stability at the social level; and applications of phylogenetic methods to vaccine development for HIV. Ecological integration is a pervasive theme, from suggestions that the ecology-level metabolic network formed before the emergence of cells, to the recognition that individuality is an emergent concept within ecological frameworks, and culminating in system-level analysis of ecosystems and social systems (ecologies of behavior), which incorporate their network structures and long-range constraints together with individual-based dynamics. Many projects involve generative models and first-principles prediction, and emphasize the emergence of informational elements at the system level that are not reducible to properties of individuals. Summarized here are four main research areas. SUB TOPICS HIV Propagation and Treatment Origin, Synthesis & Form of Life The Emergence of Social Ecosystems The Emerging Ecology of Living Systems

  • zzllrr

    zzllrr (小乐笑了) 组长 楼主 2010-03-30 21:14:32

    SFI RESEARCH TOPICS 3 Information Processing & Computation in Complex Systems RESEARCH SUMMARY Computation has been a central theme of SFI research since its inception, including seminal contributions in evolutionary and adaptive computation, relationships between physics and computation, models of distributed and collective agent-based computation, and applications of biological insights to engineered computational systems. SUB TOPICS Biologically Inspired Solutions to Computational Problems Evolving and Understanding Computation in Cellular Arrays Pattern Discovery in Time Series and Spatiotemporal Data Phase Transitions in NP-Hard Constraint Satisfaction Problems Quantum Algorithms and Cryptography Statistical Order and Robust Information Processing

  • zzllrr

    zzllrr (小乐笑了) 组长 楼主 2010-03-30 21:15:41

    SFI RESEARCH TOPICS 4 Physics of Complex Systems RESEARCH SUMMARY Fundamental physics is core area of research at SFI. It spans the principles of quantum and statistical mechanics, information theory, nonlinear dynamics and chaos, and discrete systems. These fields have provided techniques and approaches to problem solving that are useful across the sciences, and served as points of departure for the recognition of new principles. For instance, the application of self-organization to dynamical critical states arose from the study of granular systems, and agent-based simulation introduced a process-based generalization of Monte Carlo methods. Current and future SFI research in physics occupies four main areas: statistical physics with emphases on self-organized states and non-conventional statistics; foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information and control; network structure and dynamics with a wide variety of applications; and scaling in social and biological systems. Significant progress has been made in understanding phenomena as varied as criticality in rainfall, modularity in complex networks, and metabolic scaling with body mass. Future directions in the physics of complex systems include universality in dissipative systems, quantum simulation and the feedback control of decoherence, and the structure of optimal distribution networks. The wide-ranging sciences brought together at SFI utilize more than merely existing methods and models from physics. Many dynamical properties in chemical, biological and engineered systems present new paradigms for organization that will expand the conceptual scope of physics. SUB TOPICS Networks: Social, Biological, and Technological Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics and Self-Organization Quantum Information and Decoherence Scaling, Universality, and Quantitative Laws of Life

  • zzllrr

    zzllrr (小乐笑了) 组长 楼主 2010-03-30 21:16:30

    SFI RESEARCH TOPICS 5 Robustness & Innovation in Evolutionary Systems RESEARCH SUMMARY Thomas Malthus’s concern over the differential between the growth of populations and the growth of the resources to support them underlies both Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection, and much of traditional economics. But Malthus was wrong, at least over the long term. Contrary to the predictions of the logistic growth model of Pearl and Reed in 1920, the population of the US did not top out at 197 million and has just reached 300 million. Economists have extensively addressed the issue of creation of wealth, most recently through the development of endogenous growth theory, and a clear conclusion of this work is the pivotal role played by innovations in ideas, physical technology and social institutions. Similarly in natural systems, Malthus was undoubtedly correct over the short term, but over the long-term, evolutionary innovations have proven sufficient to steadily expand the planet’s carrying capacity. Innovation is consequently of substantial theoretical and practical concern. Research at SFI on innovation focuses on evolutionary processes in biological, technological, and market systems. SUB TOPICS Innovation in Biological Systems Innovation in Markets Innovation in Technological Systems Robustness in Biological and Social Systems

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