物权法（4-担保物权）

第四编 担保物权 Part IV Real Rights for Security 第十五章 一般规定 Chapter XV General Rules 第一百七十条 担保物权人在债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现担保物权的情形，依法享有就担保财产优先受偿的权利，但法律另有规定的除外。 Article 170 Where the obligor fails to pay its due debts or any circumstance for realizing real rights for security as stipulated by the parties concerned happens, the holder of real rights for security shall enjoy preferred payments from the property for security, except that it is otherwise provided for by any law. 第一百七十一条 债权人在借贷、买卖等民事活动中，为保障实现其债权，需要担保的，可以依照本法和其他法律的规定设立担保物权。 Article 171 According to the present Law or any other law, an obligee may, in such civil activities as loans or sales, establish the real rights for security in case the security is required for ensuring the realization of its/his credits. 第三人为债务人向债权人提供担保的，可以要求债务人提供反担保。反担保适用本法和其他法律的规定。 Where a third party provides security to the obligee for an obligor, countersecurity from the obligor may be required. The countersecurity shall be pursuant to the present Law and other related laws. 第一百七十二条 设立担保物权，应当依照本法和其他法律的规定订立担保合同。担保合同是主债权债务合同的从合同。主债权债务合同无效，担保合同无效，但法律另有规定的除外。 Article 172 For establishing real rights for security, a security contract shall be entered into in accordance with the present Law and the other related laws. A security contract shall be a subordinate one to the principal contract. Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the security contract shall be invalid when the principal contract is nullified. 担保合同被确认无效后，债务人、担保人、债权人有过错的，应当根据其过错各自承担相应的民事责任。 After a security contract is confirmed to be nullified, the obligor, the security provider and the obligee that has faults shall, in light of their respective faults, undertake corresponding civil liabilities. 第一百七十三条 担保物权的担保范围包括主债权及其利息、违约金、损害赔偿金、保管担保财产和实现担保物权的费用。当事人另有约定的，按照约定。 Article 173 The security range shall cover principal obligee's rights and their interests, default fines, damages as well as expenses for keeping the property for security and for realizing the real rights for security. In case there are otherwise stipulations between the related parties, such stipulations shall prevail. 第一百七十四条 担保期间，担保财产毁损、灭失或者被征收等，担保物权人可以就获得的保险金、赔偿金或者补偿金等优先受偿。被担保债权的履行期未届满的，也可以提存该保险金、赔偿金或者补偿金等。 Article 174 In case, during the security term, the property for security is damaged, lost or expropriated, the security holder may seek preferred payments from the insurance money, damages or indemnities, etc. incurred therefrom. If the term for performing the obligee's rights as secured has not expired, such insurance money, damages or indemnities, etc. may be submitted to a competent authority for keeping. 第一百七十五条 第三人提供担保，未经其书面同意，债权人允许债务人转移全部或者部分债务的，担保人不再承担相应的担保责任。 Article 175 As regards any security provided by a third party, where the obligee, without obtaining the written consent of the third party, allows the obligor to transfer all or part of its obligations, the security provider does not have to undertake corresponding security liabilities any more. 第一百七十六条 被担保的债权既有物的担保又有人的担保的，债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现担保物权的情形，债权人应当按照约定实现债权；没有约定或者约定不明确，债务人自己提供物的担保的，债权人应当先就该物的担保实现债权；第三人提供物的担保的，债权人可以就物的担保实现债权，也可以要求保证人承担保证责任。提供担保的第三人承担担保责任后，有权向债务人追偿。 Article 176 As regards a secured credit involving both physical and personal security, where the obligor fails to pay its due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the property for security happens, the obligee shall realize the obligee's rights as stipulated; in the case of no or unclear such stipulation, and where the obligor provides his/its own property for the security, the obligee's rights shall be realized firstly by the security in property; and if the security by property is provided by a third party, the obligee may, by the physical security or through requiring the guarantor to assume the guaranty liability, realize the obligee's rights. The third party has the right,, after undertaking the security liability, to recover payments from the obligor. 第一百七十七条 有下列情形之一的，担保物权消灭： Article 177 Real rights for security may be terminated under any of the following circumstances: （一） 主债权消灭； (1) The principal obligee's rights are terminated; （二） 担保物权实现； (2) The real rights for security have been realized; （三） 债权人放弃担保物权； (3) The obligee waives the real rights for security; or （四） 法律规定担保物权消灭的其他情形。 (4) Any other circumstance under which the real rights for security will be terminated as provided for by any law. 第一百七十八条 担保法与本法的规定不一致的，适用本法。 Article 178 Where any provision in the Security Law conflicts with that of the present Law, the latter shall prevail. 第十六章 抵押权 Chapter XVI Mortgage Right 第一节 一般抵押权 Section 1 General Mortgage Right 第一百七十九条 为担保债务的履行，债务人或者第三人不转移财产的占有，将该财产抵押给债权人的，债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现抵押权的情形，债权人有权就该财产优先受偿。 Article 179 In order to ensure the payment of debts, an obligor or a third party mortgages his/its properties to the obligee without transferring the possession of such properties, and when the obligor fails to pay due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the mortgage right happens, the obligee has the right to seek preferred payments from such properties. 前款规定的债务人或者第三人为抵押人，债权人为抵押权人，提供担保的财产为抵押财产。 The "obligor" or "third party" as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be the mortgagor, the "obligee" shall be the mortgagee, while the "properties for security" shall be the mortgaged properties. 第一百八十条 债务人或者第三人有权处分的下列财产可以抵押： Article 180 As regards the following properties that the obligor or the third party has the right to dispose of, mortgage may be established thereon : （一） 建筑物和其他土地附着物； (1) buildings and other objects fixed to land; （二） 建设用地使用权； (2) the right to use construction land; （三） 以招标、拍卖、公开协商等方式取得的荒地等土地承包经营权； (3) the right to contracted management of such land as barren land, etc. that is acquired through bid invitation, auction and public consultation, etc.; （四） 生产设备、原材料、半成品、产品； (4) manufacturing facilities, raw materials, semi-manufactured goods and finished products; （五） 正在建造的建筑物、船舶、航空器； (5) buildings, vessels and aircraft under construction; （六） 交通运输工具； (6) means of communications and transportation; and （七） 法律、行政法规未禁止抵押的其他财产。 (7) other properties not prohibited from being mortgaged by any law or administrative regulation. 抵押人可以将前款所列财产一并抵押。 All the properties listed in the previous paragraph may be mortgaged together by a mortgagor. 第一百八十一条 经当事人书面协议，企业、个体工商户、农业生产经营者可以将现有的以及将有的生产设备、原材料、半成品、产品抵押，债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现抵押权的情形，债权人有权就实现抵押权时的动产优先受偿。 Article 181 An enterprise, individual industrial and commercial household or agricultural production operator may, upon the written agreement between the parties concerned, mortgage the existing manufacturing facilities, raw materials, semi-manufactured goods and finished products or those to be owned in future, and when the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the right to mortgage arises, the obligee has the right to seek preferred payments from the chattels existing at the time of the realization of the right to mortgage. 第一百八十二条 以建筑物抵押的，该建筑物占用范围内的建设用地使用权一并抵押。以建设用地使用权抵押的，该土地上的建筑物一并抵押。 Article 182 For mortgaging building, the right to use construction land within the area of this building shall be mortgaged together. When mortgaging the right to use construction land, all the buildings on such land shall be mortgaged together. 抵押人未依照前款规定一并抵押的，未抵押的财产视为一并抵押。 Where a mortgagor fails to mortgage the properties in accordance with the provisions in the preceding paragraph, the properties not mortgaged shall be treated as having been mortgaged together. 第一百八十三条 乡镇、村企业的建设用地使用权不得单独抵押。以乡镇、村企业的厂房等建筑物抵押的，其占用范围内的建设用地使用权一并抵押。 Article 183 As regards the right to use construction land of a township or village enterprise, mortgages may not be alone established thereon. Where the plant of a township and village enterprise is mortgaged, the right to use construction land within the area of such plant shall be mortgaged together. 第一百八十四条 下列财产不得抵押： Article 184 Any of the following properties may not be mortgaged: （一） 土地所有权； (1) ownership of land; （二） 耕地、宅基地、自留地、自留山等集体所有的土地使用权，但法律规定可以抵押的除外； (2) the right to use such collectively-owned land as cultivated land, house sites, land and hilly land allotted for private use, etc, except for those mortgagable as prescribed by any law; （三） 学校、幼儿园、医院等以公益为目的的事业单位、社会团体的教育设施、医疗卫生设施和其他社会公益设施； (3) educational, medical, healthy and other public welfare facilities of such institutions and social groups with the aim of benefiting the public as schools, kindergartens, hospitals, etc; （四） 所有权、使用权不明或者有争议的财产； (4) properties with unclear or controversial ownership or use rights; （五） 依法被查封、扣押、监管的财产； (5) properties legally confiscated, seized or controlled; or （六） 法律、行政法规规定不得抵押的其他财产。 (6) other properties that cannot be mortgaged as prescribed by any law or administrative regulation. 第一百八十五条 设立抵押权，当事人应当采取书面形式订立抵押合同。 Article 185 For establishing a mortgage right, the parties concerned shall enter into a written mortgage contract. 抵押合同一般包括下列条款： In general, a mortgage contract shall contain the items as follows: （一） 被担保债权的种类和数额； (1) the variety and sum of the secured obligee's rights; （二） 债务人履行债务的期限； (2) the time limit to pay debts by the obligor; （三） 抵押财产的名称、数量、质量、状况、所在地、所有权归属或者使用权归属； (3) the name, amount, quality, situation, [], attribution of ownership or use right of the mortgaged property; and （四） 担保的范围。 (4) the security scope. 第一百八十六条 抵押权人在债务履行期届满前，不得与抵押人约定债务人不履行到期债务时抵押财产归债权人所有。 Article 186 The mortgagee and the mortgagor may, prior to the expiration of the time limit for paying debts, not stipulate that the ownership of the mortgaged property will attributed to the obligee when the obligor fails to pay its due debts. 第一百八十七条 以本法第一百八十条第一款第一项至第三项规定的财产或者第五项规定的正在建造的建筑物抵押的，应当办理抵押登记。抵押权自登记时设立。 Article 187 In case properties as provided for in Items (1), (2) and (3) of Paragraph 1 of Article 180 in the present Law or a building under construction in Item (5) are mortgaged, the mortgage registration shall be gone through, and such mortgage right shall be established as of the date of registration. 第一百八十八条 以本法第一百八十条第一款第四项、第六项规定的财产或者第五项规定的正在建造的船舶、航空器抵押的，抵押权自抵押合同生效时设立；未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。 Article 188 In case properties as provided for in Items (4) or (6) of Paragraph 1 of Article 180 of the present Law or a vessel or aircraft under construction as provided for in Item (5) are mortgaged, the mortgage right shall be established since the mortgage contract comes into effect; without the registration, the mortgage right may not challenge any third party with good faith. 第一百八十九条 企业、个体工商户、农业生产经营者以本法第一百八十一条规定的动产抵押的，应当向抵押人住所地的工商行政管理部门办理登记。抵押权自抵押合同生效时设立；未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。 Article 189 As regards the mortgage of the chattels prescribed in Article 181 of the present Law provided by an enterprise, individual industrial and commercial household or agricultural production operator, registration shall be handled by the administrative department for industry and commerce at the locality of the mortgagor. The mortgage right shall be established since the mortgage contract comes into effect; without the registration, such mortgage right may not challenge any third party with good faith. 依照本法第一百八十一条规定抵押的，不得对抗正常经营活动中已支付合理价款并取得抵押财产的买受人。 The mortgage as provided for in Article 181 of the present Law may not challenge the buyer which has paid a reasonable price and obtained the mortgaged property in normal business operations. 第一百九十条 订立抵押合同前抵押财产已出租的，原租赁关系不受该抵押权的影响。抵押权设立后抵押财产出租的，该租赁关系不得对抗已登记的抵押权。 Article 190 Where the mortgaged property has been leased prior to the entering into of the mortgage contract, the original leasehold relations may not be impacted by the mortgage right. Where it is leased after the establishment of the mortgage right, the leasehold relation may be challenge the registered mortgage right. 第一百九十一条 抵押期间，抵押人经抵押权人同意转让抵押财产的，应当将转让所得的价款向抵押权人提前清偿债务或者提存。转让的价款超过债权数额的部分归抵押人所有，不足部分由债务人清偿。 Article 191 Where a mortgagor alienates, upon consent of the mortgagee, the mortgaged property during the mortgage term, the money generated from such alienation shall be used to pay off debts to the mortgagee in advance or be submitted to a competent authority for keeping. The value exceeding the obligee's rights shall be attributed to the mortgagor, and the gap shall be paid off by the obligor. 抵押期间，抵押人未经抵押权人同意，不得转让抵押财产，但受让人代为清偿债务消灭抵押权的除外。 Without the mortgagee's consent, a mortgagor may not alienate the mortgaged property during the mortgage term,, unless the transferee pays off the debts on behalf of the mortgagor so as to terminate the mortgage right. 第一百九十二条 抵押权不得与债权分离而单独转让或者作为其他债权的担保。债权转让的，担保该债权的抵押权一并转让，但法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。 Article 192 The mortgage right may not be alienated alone, or be used as a security for other obligee's rights by departing from the obligee's rights. Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law or is otherwise stipulated by the parties concerned, when the obligee's rights are alienated, the mortgage right thereof shall be alienated concurrently. 第一百九十三条 抵押人的行为足以使抵押财产价值减少的，抵押权人有权要求抵押人停止其行为。抵押财产价值减少的，抵押权人有权要求恢复抵押财产的价值，或者提供与减少的价值相应的担保。抵押人不恢复抵押财产的价值也不提供担保的，抵押权人有权要求债务人提前清偿债务。 Article 193 Where any act of the mortgagor may sufficiently cause the reduction of the value of the mortgaged property, the mortgagee has the right to require the mortgagor to cease such act. Where the value of the mortgaged property has been lowered, the mortgagee has the right to require the mortgagor to recover the value, or provide a security equal to the reduced value. Where the mortgagor neither recovers the value nor provides any security, the mortgagee has the right to require the obligor to pay off the debts in advance. 第一百九十四条 抵押权人可以放弃抵押权或者抵押权的顺位。抵押权人与抵押人可以协议变更抵押权顺位以及被担保的债权数额等内容，但抵押权的变更，未经其他抵押权人书面同意，不得对其他抵押权人产生不利影响。 Article 194 A mortgagee may abandon the mortgage right or the sequence thereof. A mortgagee and a mortgagor may, through negotiations, alter the sequence of the mortgage right or the amount of secured obligee's rights, etc., however, such alteration may not produce unfavorable influences on any other mortgagee without the written consent thereof. 债务人以自己的财产设定抵押，抵押权人放弃该抵押权、抵押权顺位或者变更抵押权的，其他担保人在抵押权人丧失优先受偿权益的范围内免除担保责任，但其他担保人承诺仍然提供担保的除外。 Where an obligor creates the mortgage by its/his own properties, and the mortgagee abandons the mortgage right or the sequence thereof or alter such mortgage right, other security providers shall, within the scope for which the said mortgagee has lost the right to seek preferred payments, be exempted from the security liability, unless any of other security providers promises to provide the security all the same. 第一百九十五条 债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现抵押权的情形，抵押权人可以与抵押人协议以抵押财产折价或者以拍卖、变卖该抵押财产所得的价款优先受偿。协议损害其他债权人利益的，其他债权人可以在知道或者应当知道撤销事由之日起一年内请求人民法院撤销该协议。 Article 195 When the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the right to mortgage arises, the mortgagee may, upon negotiation with the mortgagor, convert the mortgaged property into money or seek preferred payments from the money generated from the auction or sale of the mortgaged property. Where the said agreement has injured the interests of any other obligee, the obligee may, within one year after he/it has known or should know the cause for cancellation, require the people's court to cancel such agreement. 抵押权人与抵押人未就抵押权实现方式达成协议的，抵押权人可以请求人民法院拍卖、变卖抵押财产。 Where no agreement on the means of realizing the mortgage right is achieved between the mortgagee and the mortgagor, the mortgagee may require the people's court to auction or sell off the mortgaged property. 抵押财产折价或者变卖的，应当参照市场价格。 When converting into money or selling off the mortgaged property, its marker price shall be referred to. 第一百九十六条 依照本法第一百八十一条规定设定抵押的，抵押财产自下列情形之一发生时确定： Article 196 As regards the mortgage created in accordance with Article 181 of the present Law, the mortgaged property shall be determined when any of the following circumstances arises: （一） 债务履行期届满，债权未实现； (1) Upon expiration of the time limit for paying debts, the obligee's rights have not been realized; （二） 抵押人被宣告破产或者被撤销； (2) The mortgagor has been declared bankrupt or has been canceled; （三） 当事人约定的实现抵押权的情形； (3) Other circumstances as stipulated by the parties concerned occurs for realizing the mortgage right; or （四） 严重影响债权实现的其他情形。 (4) Any other circumstance seriously impacting the realization of obligee's rights. 第一百九十七条 债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现抵押权的情形，致使抵押财产被人民法院依法扣押的，自扣押之日起抵押权人有权收取该抵押财产的天然孳息或者法定孳息，但抵押权人未通知应当清偿法定孳息的义务人的除外。 Article 197 When the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the mortgage right arises, and the mortgaged property is thus seized by the people's court in accordance with law, the mortgagee has the right to collect natural or statutory fruits of the mortgaged property as of the date of seizure, unless the mortgagee has failed to inform the subject liable to pay off statutory fruits. 前款规定的孳息应当先充抵收取孳息的费用。 As regards the "fruits" as referred to in the preceding paragraph, they shall be firstly used for paying the collection expenses thereof. 第一百九十八条 抵押财产折价或者拍卖、变卖后，其价款超过债权数额的部分归抵押人所有，不足部分由债务人清偿。 Article 198 The value exceeding the obligee's rights shall be attributed to the mortgagor, and the gap shall be paid off by the obligor, after the mortgaged property has been converted into money, auctioned or sold off. 第一百九十九条 同一财产向两个以上债权人抵押的，拍卖、变卖抵押财产所得的价款依照下列规定清偿： Article 199 In case a same property is mortgaged to two or more obligees concurrently, the money generated from the auction or sale of the mortgaged property shall be used for paying debts in light of the prescriptions as follows: （一） 抵押权已登记的，按照登记的先后顺序清偿；顺序相同的，按照债权比例清偿； (1) In case all the mortgage rights to have been registered, the payments shall be made according to the registration sequence; and where the sequence is the same, the payments shall be made on the basis of the proportion of obligee's rights; （二） 抵押权已登记的先于未登记的受偿； (2) The registered mortgage right shall be cleared off prior to the unregistered one; and （三） 抵押权未登记的，按照债权比例清偿。 (3) In case no mortgage right has been registered, the payments shall be made on basis of the proportion of obligee's rights. 第二百条 建设用地使用权抵押后，该土地上新增的建筑物不属于抵押财产。该建设用地使用权实现抵押权时，应当将该土地上新增的建筑物与建设用地使用权一并处分，但新增建筑物所得的价款，抵押权人无权优先受偿。 Article 200 The buildings newly constructed on the land after the mortgage of the right to use construction land may not belong to the mortgaged properties. Such newly-constructed buildings can be disposed of together with the disposal of the aforesaid right to use construction land so as to realize the mortgage right, however, the mortgagee has no right to seek preferred payments from the money generated from the disposal of these newly-constructed buildings. 第二百零一条 依照本法第一百八十条第一款第三项规定的土地承包经营权抵押的，或者依照本法第一百八十三条规定以乡镇、村企业的厂房等建筑物占用范围内的建设用地使用权一并抵押的，实现抵押权后，未经法定程序，不得改变土地所有权的性质和土地用途。 Article 201 As regards the mortgage of the right to the contracted management of land as provided for in Item (3) of Paragraph 1 of Article 180 of the present Law or the right to use construction land occupied by the plant or any other building of a township or village enterprise as prescribed in Article 183 of the present Law, after such mortgage right is realized, without completing the statutory procedures, the nature of land ownership or land use may not be altered. 第二百零二条 抵押权人应当在主债权诉讼时效期间行使抵押权；未行使的，人民法院不予保护。 Article 202 A mortgagee shall, within the limitation of action for the principal obligee's rights, exercise the mortgage right, otherwise, such mortgage right will not be protected by the people's court. 第二节 最高额抵押权 Section 1I Mortgage Right at Maximum Amount 第二百零三条 为担保债务的履行，债务人或者第三人对一定期间内将要连续发生的债权提供担保财产的，债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现抵押权的情形，抵押权人有权在最高债权额限度内就该担保财产优先受偿。 Article 203 For ensuring the payment of debts, an obligor or third party may provide mortgage security to the obligee for the obligee's rights that will continuously happen within a certain term, and when the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the mortgage right happens, the mortgagee has the right to seek preferred payments from the security properties within the maximum amount of obligee's rights. 最高额抵押权设立前已经存在的债权，经当事人同意，可以转入最高额抵押担保的债权范围。 The obligee's rights existing prior to the establishment of the mortgage right at maximum amount may, upon the consent of the parties concerned, be incorporated into the scope of obligee's rights under the mortgage security at maximum amount. 第二百零四条 最高额抵押担保的债权确定前，部分债权转让的，最高额抵押权不得转让，但当事人另有约定的除外。 Article 204 Unless it is otherwise stipulated by the parties concerned, in case part of obligee's rights are transferred prior to the establishment of the mortgage security at maximum amount, the mortgage right at maximum amount may not be transferred. 第二百零五条 最高额抵押担保的债权确定前，抵押权人与抵押人可以通过协议变更债权确定的期间、债权范围以及最高债权额，但变更的内容不得对其他抵押权人产生不利影响。 Article 205 Prior to the determination of the obligee's rights under the mortgage security at maximum amount, the mortgagee and the mortgagor may, upon agreement, alter the term for the determination of the obligee's rights, the scope of obligee's rights or the maximum amount of obligee's rights, however, such alteration may not cause any unfavorable influence to any other mortgagee. 第二百零六条 有下列情形之一的，抵押权人的债权确定： Article 206 The mortgagee's obligee's rights shall be determined, if any of the following circumstances occurs,: （一） 约定的债权确定期间届满； (1) The stipulated term for the determination of the obligee's rights expires; （二） 没有约定债权确定期间或者约定不明确，抵押权人或者抵押人自最高额抵押权设立之日起满二年后请求确定债权； (2) In case there is no stipulation on such term or the related stipulations are not explicit, and where the mortgagee or the mortgagor requires determine the obligee's rights after two years as of the date for the establishment of the mortgage right at maximum amount; （三） 新的债权不可能发生； (3) no new obligee's right may happen; （四） 抵押财产被查封、扣押； (4) The mortgaged property is sealed up or seized; （五） 债务人、抵押人被宣告破产或者被撤销； (5) The obligor or the mortgagor is declared bankrupt or is revoked; or （六） 法律规定债权确定的其他情形。 (6) Any other circumstance as prescribed by any other law for determining the obligee's rights arises. 第二百零七条 最高额抵押权除适用本节规定外，适用本章第一节一般抵押权的规定。 Article 207 The mortgage right at maximum amount shall be governed by, in addition to the provisions in this Section, the provisions on general mortgage right as provided for in Section 1 of this Chapter. 第十七章 质权 Chapter XVII Pledge Right 第一节 动产质权 Section 1 Chattel Pledge 第二百零八条 为担保债务的履行，债务人或者第三人将其动产出质给债权人占有的，债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现质权的情形，债权人有权就该动产优先受偿。 Article 208 For the security of the payment of debts，an obligor or a third party may pledge his (its) chattels to the obligee for occupation, and when the obligor fails to pay due debts or any circumstance for realizing the pledge right as stipulated by the parties happens, the obligee has the right to seek preferred payments from the pledged chattels. 前款规定的债务人或者第三人为出质人，债权人为质权人，交付的动产为质押财产。 The "debtor" or "third party" as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be the pledger, the "obligee" shall be the pledgee, and the "chattels" as delivered shall be the pledged property. 第二百零九条 法律、行政法规禁止转让的动产不得出质。 Article 209 The chattels，which are forbidden from being pledged by any law or administrative regulation， may not be pledged. 第二百一十条 设立质权，当事人应当采取书面形式订立质权合同。 Article 210 For establishing the pledge right, the parties concerned shall enter into a contract on pledge right in written form. 质权合同一般包括下列条款： In general， a contract on pledge right shall contain the following items: （一） 被担保债权的种类和数额； (1) the variety and amount of the principal obligee's rights; （二） 债务人履行债务的期限； (2) the time limit for the obligor to pay off debts; （三） 质押财产的名称、数量、质量、状况； (3) the name, amount, quality and condition of the pledge; （四） 担保的范围； (4) the scope of security; and （五） 质押财产交付的时间。 (5) the time for the deliver of pledged properties. 第二百一十一条 质权人在债务履行期届满前，不得与出质人约定债务人不履行到期债务时质押财产归债权人所有。 Article 211 The pledgee and the pledger may not, prior to the time limit for paying debts expires， stipulate that the ownership of pledged properties be attributed to the obligee when the obligor fails to pay due debts. 第二百一十二条 质权自出质人交付质押财产时设立。 Article 212 The pledge right shall be established after the pledgee has delivered the pledged properties. 第二百一十三条 质权人有权收取质押财产的孳息，但合同另有约定的除外。 Article 213 Unless it is otherwise stipulated in the contract, a pledgee has the right to obtain the fruits of the pledged properties. 前款规定的孳息应当先充抵收取孳息的费用。 The "fruits" as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be firstly used for paying the expenses for collecting the fruits. 第二百一十四条 质权人在质权存续期间，未经出质人同意，擅自使用、处分质押财产，给出质人造成损害的，应当承担赔偿责任。 Article 214 Where a pledgee, without consent of the pledger, illegally uses or disposes of the pledged properties within the duration of the pledge right, and thus damages are caused to the pledger, he/it shall make compensations. 第二百一十五条 质权人负有妥善保管质押财产的义务；因保管不善致使质押财产毁损、灭失的，应当承担赔偿责任。 Article 215 A pledgee shall be obliged to properly keep pledged properties; and where pledged properties are damaged or lost by virtue of improper keeping, the pledgee shall make compensations. 质权人的行为可能使质押财产毁损、灭失的，出质人可以要求质权人将质押财产提存，或者要求提前清偿债务并返还质押财产。 Where pledged properties may be damaged or lost by act of the pledgee, the pledger may ask for the pledgee to submit them to a competent authority for keeping or require pay debts in advance and take back them. 第二百一十六条 因不能归责于质权人的事由可能使质押财产毁损或者价值明显减少，足以危害质权人权利的，质权人有权要求出质人提供相应的担保；出质人不提供的，质权人可以拍卖、变卖质押财产，并与出质人通过协议将拍卖、变卖所得的价款提前清偿债务或者提存。 Article 216 Where any cause not attributable to t the pledge' fault may result in the destruction of the pledged properties or an obvious decrease of the value of the pledge, and which is sufficient to damage the pledgee's rights, the pledgee has the right to require the pledger to provide corresponding security. Where the pledger refuses to do so, the pledgee may auction or sell off the pledged properties, and may, by negotiating with the pledger, seek preferred payments for the obligee's rights in advance with the money generated from such auction or sell-off, or submit the said money to a competent authority for keeping. 第二百一十七条 质权人在质权存续期间，未经出质人同意转质，造成质押财产毁损、灭失的，应当向出质人承担赔偿责任。 Article 217 Where a pledgee transfers, without consent of the pledger, the pledge within the duration of the pledge right, and thus destroy or loss are caused to the pledged properties, he/it shall make compensations to the pledger. 第二百一十八条 质权人可以放弃质权。债务人以自己的财产出质，质权人放弃该质权的，其他担保人在质权人丧失优先受偿权益的范围内免除担保责任，但其他担保人承诺仍然提供担保的除外。 Article 218 A pledgee may abandon the pledge right. Where an obligor provide the pledge right by his/its own properties, and the pledgee abandons the pledge right, unless any of other security providers promises to provide the security all the same, other security providers' security liability will be exempted within the scope for which the pledgee has lost the right to seek preferred payments. 第二百一十九条 债务人履行债务或者出质人提前清偿所担保的债权的，质权人应当返还质押财产。 Article 219 Where the obligor has paid off the debts or the pledger has fulfilled the secured obligee's rights in advance, the pledgee shall return the pledged properties. 债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现质权的情形，质权人可以与出质人协议以质押财产折价，也可以就拍卖、变卖质押财产所得的价款优先受偿。 Where an obligor fails to pay off its due debts or any circumstance for realizing the pledge right as stipulated by the parties concerned happens, the pledgee may, by negotiating with the pledger, convert the pledge into money or seek preferred payments from the money generated from the auction or sell-off of the pledged properties. 质押财产折价或者变卖的，应当参照市场价格。 When converting the pledged properties into money or selling off them, their market price shall be referred to. 第二百二十条 出质人可以请求质权人在债务履行期届满后及时行使质权；质权人不行使的，出质人可以请求人民法院拍卖、变卖质押财产。 Article 220 A pledger may, upon expiration of the time limit for paying debts, request the pledgee to exercise the pledge right in a timely manner; if the pledgee fails to do so, the pledger may ask for the people's court to auction or sell off the pledged properties. 出质人请求质权人及时行使质权，因质权人怠于行使权利造成损害的，由质权人承担赔偿责任。 Where a pledger has requested the pledgee to exercise the pledge right in a timely manner, but the pledgee is lazy to do so and thus damages are caused, the pledgee shall make compensations. 第二百二十一条 质押财产折价或者拍卖、变卖后，其价款超过债权数额的部分归出质人所有，不足部分由债务人清偿。 Article 221 After pledged properties are converted into money, auctioned or sold off, the value exceeding the obligee's rights shall be attributed to the pledger, and the gap shall be paid off by the obligor. 第二百二十二条 出质人与质权人可以协议设立最高额质权。 Article 222 The pledger and the pledgee may, upon negotiation, set up the pledge right of maximum amount. 最高额质权除适用本节有关规定外，参照本法第十六章第二节最高额抵押权的规定。 The pledge right of maximum amount shall be governed by, in addition to the related provisions in this Section, the provisions on mortgage right at maximum amount prescribed in Section 1I of Chapter 16 of the present Law by reference. 第二节 权利质权 Section 1I Right Pledge 第二百二十三条 债务人或者第三人有权处分的下列权利可以出质： Article 223 Pledge may be established on any of the following rights which an obligor or third party has the right to dispose of: （一） 汇票、支票、本票； (1) money orders, checks, and cashier's checks; （二） 债券、存款单； (2) bonds and deposit receipts; （三） 仓单、提单； (3) warehouse receipts and lading bills; （四） 可以转让的基金份额、股权； (4) transferable fund units and stock rights; （五） 可以转让的注册商标专用权、专利权、著作权等知识产权中的财产权； (5) such transferable property rights in intellectual property as exclusive trademark rights, patent rights, copyrights, etc; （六） 应收账款； (6) account receivables; or （七） 法律、行政法规规定可以出质的其他财产权利。 (7) other property rights that can be pledged as prescribed by any law or administrative regulation. 第二百二十四条 以汇票、支票、本票、债券、存款单、仓单、提单出质的，当事人应当订立书面合同。质权自权利凭证交付质权人时设立；没有权利凭证的，质权自有关部门办理出质登记时设立。 Article 224 The parties concerned shall conclude a written contract for the pledge of a money order, check, cashier's check, securities, deposit receipt, warehouse receipt or bill of lading. The pledge right shall be established after the deliver of the title certificate of the pledge to the pledgee. In case there is no title certificate, the pledge right shall be established after the related department has handled the registration of the pledge. 第二百二十五条 汇票、支票、本票、债券、存款单、仓单、提单的兑现日期或者提货日期先于主债权到期的，质权人可以兑现或者提货，并与出质人协议将兑现的价款或者提取的货物提前清偿债务或者提存。 Article 225 The pledgee may make redemption or pick up the goods, and may, by negotiating with the pledger, seek preferred payments in advance with the redeemed money or the picked up goods, or submit the said money or goods to a competent authority for keeping，in case the date of redemption or delivery of the money order, check, cashier's check, bonds, deposit receipt, warehouse receipt or lading bill of is prior to the deadline of principal obligee's rights. 第二百二十六条 以基金份额、股权出质的，当事人应当订立书面合同。以基金份额、证券登记结算机构登记的股权出质的，质权自证券登记结算机构办理出质登记时设立；以其他股权出质的，质权自工商行政管理部门办理出质登记时设立。 Article 226 The parties concerned shall enter into a written contract for the pledge of fund units or stock rights. As regards the pledge of fund units or the stock rights that are registered in the securities depository and clearing institution, the pledge right shall be established after the securities depository and clearing institution has handled the registration of the pledge. As regards the pledge of other stock rights, the pledge right shall be established after the administrations for industry and commerce has handled the registration of the pledge. 基金份额、股权出质后，不得转让，但经出质人与质权人协商同意的除外。出质人转让基金份额、股权所得的价款，应当向质权人提前清偿债务或者提存。 After the fund units or stock rights have been pledged, unless it is otherwise agreed to by the pledger and the pledgee upon negotiations， they may not be alienated. As regards the money incurred from the transfer of fund units or stock rights， the pledger shall fulfill the obligee's rights to the pledgee in advance with it, or submit it to a competent authority for keeping. 第二百二十七条 以注册商标专用权、专利权、著作权等知识产权中的财产权出质的，当事人应当订立书面合同。质权自有关主管部门办理出质登记时设立。 Article 227 As regards the pledge such property rights in the intellectual property as registered trademark rights, patent rights, copyrights，etc, the parties concerned shall enter into a written contract, and the pledge right shall be established after the related competent authority has handled the registration of the pledge. 知识产权中的财产权出质后，出质人不得转让或者许可他人使用，但经出质人与质权人协商同意的除外。出质人转让或者许可他人使用出质的知识产权中的财产权所得的价款，应当向质权人提前清偿债务或者提存。 After the property rights in the intellectual property have been pledged, unless it is otherwise agreed to between the pledger and the pledgee upon negotiations， the pledger may not alienate the pledge or permit anyone else to use it. As regards the money incurred from the alienation of the pledged intellectual property or the permission of anyone else to use it， the pledger shall use it to fulfill the obligee's rights in advance, or submit it to a competent authority for keeping. 第二百二十八条 以应收账款出质的，当事人应当订立书面合同。质权自信贷征信机构办理出质登记时设立。 Article 228 As regards the pledge of receivables, the parties concerned shall enter into a written contract, and the pledge right shall be established after the related credit rating institution has handled the registration of the pledge. 应收账款出质后，不得转让，但经出质人与质权人协商同意的除外。出质人转让应收账款所得的价款，应当向质权人提前清偿债务或者提存。 After the receivables have been pledged, unless it is otherwise agreed on by the pledger and the pledgee upon negotiations， the pledger may not alienate the pledged receivables. As regards money incurred form the alienation of accounts receivable， the pledger shall use it to fulfill the obligee's rights in advance, or submit it to a competent authority for keeping. 第二百二十九条 权利质权除适用本节规定外，适用本章第一节动产质权的规定。 Article 229 The pledge of rights shall be governed by， in addition to the provisions prescribed in this Section， the provisions in Section 1 of this Chapter on the pledge of chattels. 第十八章 留置权 Chapter XVIII Lien 第二百三十条 债务人不履行到期债务，债权人可以留置已经合法占有的债务人的动产，并有权就该动产优先受偿。 Article 230 Where an obligor fails to pay off its due debts, the obligee may take lien of the chattels that are owned by the obligor and lawfully occupied by the obligee, and has the right to seek preferred payments from such chattels. 前款规定的债权人为留置权人，占有的动产为留置财产。 The "obligee" as referred to in the preceding Paragraph shall be the lienor, and the occupied chattels shall be the property under lien. 第二百三十一条 债权人留置的动产，应当与债权属于同一法律关系，但企业之间留置的除外。 Article 231 The chattels taken as lien by the obligee and the obligee's rights shall fall into a same legal relationship, except for the lien between enterprises. 第二百三十二条 法律规定或者当事人约定不得留置的动产，不得留置。 Article 232 As regards chattels of which no lien may be taken as prescribed by law or stipulated by the parties concerned, lien may not be taken of them. 第二百三十三条 留置财产为可分物的，留置财产的价值应当相当于债务的金额。 Article 233 Where a property under lien is a divisible object, its value shall be equal to the amount of debts. 第二百三十四条 留置权人负有妥善保管留置财产的义务；因保管不善致使留置财产毁损、灭失的，应当承担赔偿责任。 Article 234 A lienor shall assume the obligation to properly keep the property under lien, and shall make compensations in case the property under lien is damaged or lost by virtue of improper safekeeping. 第二百三十五条 留置权人有权收取留置财产的孳息。 Article 235 A lienor has the right to obtain the fruits generated from the property under lien. 前款规定的孳息应当先充抵收取孳息的费用。 The "fruits" as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be firstly used for the payments of the expenses for collecting the fruits. 第二百三十六条 留置权人与债务人应当约定留置财产后的债务履行期间；没有约定或者约定不明确的，留置权人应当给债务人两个月以上履行债务的期间，但鲜活易腐等不易保管的动产除外。债务人逾期未履行的，留置权人可以与债务人协议以留置财产折价，也可以就拍卖、变卖留置财产所得的价款优先受偿。 Article 236 A lienor shall, after the property is taken as lien, stipulate with the obligor the term for the fulfillment of the obligee's rights; and in caseof no or unclear stipulation, two months or more shall be given to the obligor for fulfilling the obligee's rights, except for such chattels that are not easy to be kept as fresh goods, perishable goods, etc.. Where the obligor fails to fulfill within the time limit, the lienor may convert the property under lien into money by negotiating with the obligor, or seek preferred payments from the money generated from the auction or sell-off the property under lien. 留置财产折价或者变卖的，应当参照市场价格。 When the property under lien is converted into money or sold off, its market price should be referred to. 第二百三十七条 债务人可以请求留置权人在债务履行期届满后行使留置权；留置权人不行使的，债务人可以请求人民法院拍卖、变卖留置财产。 Article 237 An obligor may, upon expiration of the time limit for fulfilling the obligee's rights, require the lienor to exercise the lien; and where the lienor fails to do so, the obligor may ask for the people's court to auction or sell off the property under lien. 第二百三十八条 留置财产折价或者拍卖、变卖后，其价款超过债权数额的部分归债务人所有，不足部分由债务人清偿。 Article 238 The obligor shall after the property under lien is converted into money, auctioned or sold off, enjoy the ownership of the value exceeding the obligee's rights or make up shall be attributed to the gap. 第二百三十九条 同一动产上已设立抵押权或者质权，该动产又被留置的，留置权人优先受偿。 Article 239 The lienor has the right to seek preferred payments in case the right to mortgage or the right of pledge has been established on a chattel before it is taken as lien. 第二百四十条 留置权人对留置财产丧失占有或者留置权人接受债务人另行提供担保的，留置权消灭。 Article 240 The lien shall perish in case a lienor losses the possession of the property under lien or accepts other security separately provided by the obligor. 第五编 占有 Part V Possession 第十九章 占有 Chapter XIX Possession 第二百四十一条 基于合同关系等产生的占有，有关不动产或者动产的使用、收益、违约责任等，按照合同约定；合同没有约定或者约定不明确的，依照有关法律规定。 Article 241 In case the possession occurs on the basis of a contractual relationship, the related stipulations in the contract shall be apply to the use, proceedings and default liability of the realty or chattel concerned; and the relevant legal provisions shall apply if there is no such stipulation in the contract or the stipulations are not clear,. 第二百四十二条 占有人因使用占有的不动产或者动产，致使该不动产或者动产受到损害的，恶意占有人应当承担赔偿责任。 Article 242 Where a possessor causes infringes to the realty or chattel under his (its) possession when using them, it/he shall make compensations if being malicious. 第二百四十三条 不动产或者动产被占有人占有的，权利人可以请求返还原物及其孳息，但应当支付善意占有人因维护该不动产或者动产支出的必要费用。 Article 243 Where a realty or chattel is possessed by a possessor, the holder may ask for the return of original object and fruits thereof, but necessary expenses for the maintenance of this realty or chattel paid by the bone fide possessor shall be paid possessor l. 第二百四十四条 占有的不动产或者动产毁损、灭失，该不动产或者动产的权利人请求赔偿的，占有人应当将因毁损、灭失取得的保险金、赔偿金或者补偿金等返还给权利人；权利人的损害未得到足够弥补的，恶意占有人还应当赔偿损失。 Article 244 Where a realty or chattel under possession is damaged or lost, the possessor shall return the insurance money, damages or indemnities for the said destruction or loss to the holder if the holder requires compensations; and a malicious possessor shall make compensations in case the impairment to the holder has not been sufficiently made up. 第二百四十五条 占有的不动产或者动产被侵占的，占有人有权请求返还原物；对妨害占有的行为，占有人有权请求排除妨害或者消除危险；因侵占或者妨害造成损害的，占有人有权请求损害赔偿。 Article 245 Where a realty or chattel under possession is encroached on, the possessor has the right to require the return of the original object; where any act impairs the possession, the possessor has the right to request the termination of impairment or danger; and where any damage is caused by virtue of encroachment or interference, the possessor has the right to require compensations. 占有人返还原物的请求权，自侵占发生之日起一年内未行使的，该请求权消灭。 The claim of a possessor for returning the original object shall perish, if the possessor fails to exercise it within one year as of the date of encroachment. 附　则 Supplementary Rules 第二百四十六条 法律、行政法规对不动产统一登记的范围、登记机构和登记办法作出规定前，地方性法规可以依照本法有关规定作出规定。 Article 246 A local regulation may, before any law or administrative regulation prescribes the scope, organ and measures for uniform registration of realties, provide for related matters in accordance with the related provisions in the present Law. 第二百四十七条 本法自2007年10月1日起施行。 Article 247 The present Law shall enter into force as of October 1, 2007.