干货分享 | 景观鸟瞰图的正确出图姿势

本期<干货分享>带来一篇发表于2020年的景观鸟瞰图制作流程——德克萨斯州草原航拍图Texas-Prairie-Aerial.

The problem with a view angle like this is that it doesn’t show the horizon, so I cannot lean on a dramatic sky or atmospheric depth to make the image more interesting. Instead it is all about the prairie grass and vegetation textures. This view also makes reading the topography somewhat problematic because the camera is looking extremely downward onto the site. This meant that I had to create a sense of topography by carefully rotating and positioning the grass textures so that they felt like they were going up and down hills.

这张鸟瞰效果图中看不到地平线，这是主要的问题，因此我不能靠漂亮的天空背景或大气深度来使图像更有趣。而是要用草原和植被的质感。这种顶视图还使地形的读取带来问题，因为相机正朝着该位置向下看。这意味着我必须通过仔细调整透视和放置草纹理来营造一种地形感，以使它们有山坡的感觉。

However, the most challenging aspect of an image like this is getting the prairie grass to read properly at different scales. I was struggling to find textures that looked good from both a distance and up close when zoomed in. To overcome this, I layered many different field textures together so that there was a diversity to the grass at the different scales while remaining crisp when close up.

但是，像这样的顶视效果图最具挑战性的方面是如何使草原的草以不同的比例展现在图纸中。我一直在努力寻找远距离和近距离放大时看起来都不错的纹理。为了克服这一点，我将许多不同的田间纹理分层放置，以便在不同比例下草地具有多样性，而近距离时仍保持清晰。

Below is a quick break down with a focus on the prairie grass build up. I rendered the image out at 10,000 pixels wide so that I could get the sharpness in grass textures that I was looking for. My Photoshop file ended up with over 1,300 layers. An image like this is never done, and there are many other things I would like to refine or add detail too.

下面是我制图步骤，重点是草的堆积效果。我将图像渲染为10,000像素宽，这样我可以获得想要的草纹理的清晰度。我的Photoshop文件最终覆盖了1300多个图层。但还有很多我想细化的细节。

BaseRendering

V-Ray Base Rendering

Most of my base renderings look bad starting out, but this one looks exceptionally horrible. Getting started on this image, I saw this base rendering and this was one of the moments that I just about backed out of this image haha.

V-Ray基础渲染

一开始我的大多数基础渲染效果看起来都很糟糕，但是这一效果看起来异常恐怖。刚开始制图时，我看到了这张基础渲染稿，那一刻我想放弃这张鸟瞰图哈哈。

Prairie Grass

Textures

A lot of time was spend finding good high quality textures through Google image searches. These are just some of the ones that I used.

纹理贴图

通过Google图片搜索高质量的纹理很花费时间。这些只是我使用的纹理的一部分。

As I mentioned above, I combined many different textures to build in a diversity of color tones and densities throughout the site while maintaining sharpness and detail up close. There was quite a bit of time spent rotating and skewing the textures so that they had the feeling of going up and down hills. You may notice that towards the end, you start to see a lot of repeat textures, however, this gets broken up and lost in some of the following steps as I add in paths and trees.

如上所述，我结合了许多不同的纹理，以在图纸中构建出多种色调和密度，同时又保持了清晰度和细节。有很多时间花在旋转和倾斜纹理上，以使它们有上山下坡的感觉。您可能会注意到，到最后，您开始看到很多重复的纹理，但是，当我添加路径和树的图层时，在以下某些步骤中，这种纹理被分解并丢失了。

Paths

Paths

Once I had their locations determined, I cleaned up the geometry and turned them into a mask so that I could quickly place in a manicured grass texture.

路径

确定了景观路径的位置后，我将路径的几何图形加入图层并将其变成了蒙版，以便可以快速放置在草纹理图层之上。

Path Shadows

With the paths in place, I then added slight shadows to give them depth and help define them from the wild grasses.

路径阴影

设置好路径后，我添加了一些阴影以使其具有深度，并有助于从野草中定义它们。

Prairie Flow

Garden Patches Isolated花园图层

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Garden Patches Inserted into Image

Up until this point, the prairie grass was still feeling too wild and even. I wanted to set up some moments where the site was a little more designed and where groupings of the same plant created light and dark patches. Since the paths were in place, I used them as a framework from which the dark and light garden patches flowed around.

插入花园图层

到现在为止，草原的草仍然感觉太随机太均匀。我想在该图纸范围内进行一些设计，并在同一棵植物的分组中创建明暗斑块。由于已经有了景观小路，我将它们用作框架，深色和明亮的花园沿着小路分布。

Subtle Shadow and Light

Light and Shadow Isolated光影图层

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Light and Shadow Inserted into Image

The image was still too flat at this point, so I faked in some subtle light and shadow to help clarify the hills and topography.

插入光影图层

此时场景图仍然太过扁平，因此我在一些细微的光和阴影处进行了伪造，以帮助阐明山丘和地形。

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Details

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Details Isolated细节图层

Details Inserted into Image

With the grasses in place, I could start to add in the details. The trees were important to emphasizing the idea of the landscape flowing around and over the project. Again, since the paths were in place, I used them as a framework to help place the trees. I also added lots of people which at this point, was just another way to build in a little more texture.

插入细节图层

准备好草后，我可以开始添加细节了。在整个项目中的流动景观概念需要通过添加树木配景实现。同样，由于小路已经确定，因此我沿着小路放置树木。我还添加了很多人，这只是为图纸添加更多细节的一种方法。

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Final Effects

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Cloud Shadows

I dropped in some diffuse cloud shadows so that there were moments of strong highlight that pulled the eye from one spot to another around the image.

云影

我加入一些云层阴影，使图像中某处出现强烈的高光，将读者视线从图像的一个点吸引到另一个点。

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Final Image

Finally, I softened the shadows, pulled back some of the warmth, and tried to grab back some of the detail lost in the dark parts of the image.

最终影像

最终，我柔化了阴影，调整色相饱和度，并尝试弥补图像暗部中丢失的一些细节。

Final Image Crop 01

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Final Image Crop 02

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Final Image Crop 03