【家庭环境】早期环境影响成年期的神经内分泌调控过程

Early environment affects neuroendocrine regulation in adulthood 早期环境影响成年的神经内分泌调控过程 ---------------------------------------------- 【Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience. (2011) 6 (2): 244-251】 ------------------------------------------------ Shelley E. Taylor, Arun S. Karlamangla, Esther M. Friedman and Teresa E. Seeman - Author Affiliations Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Shelley E. Taylor, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA. E-mail: taylors@psych.ucla.edu Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci (2011) 6 (2): 244-251. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsq037 First published online: April 16, 2010 摘要原文链接：http://scan.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/2/244.abstract ------------------------------------------ 【译文】 人类和动物的研究都表明，早期环境会对HPA轴[1]的功能产生终身的影响。通过分析国家中年发展研究和全国每日经历研究[2]的子研究数据，我们发现成年被试报告的童年亲子关系和成年的皮质醇昼夜变化节律存在曲线的函数关系。童年期报告的亲子关系十分亲密或者十分冷漠的被试都表现出更加平的昼夜变化节律，这表明，两个极端的亲子关系中都存在HPA轴功能潜在的失调。最底部的三分之一（亲子关系较差）被试比起最顶部的三分之一被试存在更加多的HPA轴功能失调的征兆。我们根据非稳态负荷理论[3]讨论了该效应的潜在机制。 ------------------------------------------ 【原文】 Animal and human research indicates that the early environment can exert effects on hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis functioning across the lifespan. Using data from the National Study of Midlife Development in the United States and the National Study of Daily Experience substudy, we identified curvilinear relations between adult reports of parental affection in childhood and adult diurnal cortisol rhythms. Reports of both very affectionate and very unaffectionate parental relations in childhood were associated with flatter diurnal rhythms, suggesting potential dysregulation of the HPA axis at both extremes of family environment. Participants in the bottom tertile showed more signs of HPA axis dysregulation than those in the top tertile. We discuss processes that may underlie these effects, with reference to the theory of allostatic load. ------------------------------------------ 【注释】 [1]下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴 (HPA或HTPA轴)，也被叫做 边缘系统-下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴（LHPA轴），是一个直接作用和反馈互动的复杂集合，包括 下丘脑（脑内的一个中空漏斗状区域）,脑垂体（下丘脑下部的一个豌豆状结构），以及肾上腺（肾脏上部的一个小圆椎状器官）。这三者之间的互动构成了HPA轴。HPA轴是神经内分泌系统的重要部分，参与控制应激的反应，并调节许多身体活动，如消化，免疫系统，心情和情绪，性行为，以及能量贮存和消耗。从最原始的有机体到人类，许多物种，都有HPA轴。它是一个协调腺体，激素和部分中脑（特别是参与介导一般适应综合征 (GAS)的中脑区域）相互作用的机制。--来源于维基百科-中 [2]这两个研究不知道怎么翻译。 [3]Allostasis is the process of achieving stability, or homeostasis, through physiological or behavioral change. This can be carried out by means of alteration in HPA axis hormones, the autonomic nervous system, cytokines, or a number of other systems, and is generally adaptive in the short term. [1] Allostasis is essential in order to maintain internal viability amid changing conditions (Sterling and Eyer, 1988; McEwen, 1998a, 1998b; Schulkin, 2003).----来源于维基百科-英。机体如果偏离非稳态，则会产生一定的负荷使其通过调整，重新归于稳态。HPA轴通过内源性和外源性应激源产生积极的反应保护机制。如心跳过快，HPA轴通过一系列的过程使得心跳恢复正常。