读了这篇帖子我发现ENTJ是我的影子

作为一个INTP，经常打压Te的想法，经常用Ni预测他人的不良行为，也经常经常被Se欺骗，或陷入Fi那种悲情亢奋的幻想状态。原来ENTJ的影子对我精力的损耗丝毫不亚于INTP，怪不得大部分人都会走向平庸：他们的影子耗尽了他们的能量！！ The 16 Type Patterns 16种人格类型 Adapted from Linda V. Berens and Dario Nardi, Understanding Yourself and Others: An Introduction to the Personality Type Code (Telos Publications, 2004) *Used with permission. THERE ARE 16 PERSONALITY TYPES. EACH "TYPE" REPRESENTS A UNIQUE PREDICTABLE PATTERN OF HOW THE EIGHT PROCESSES ARE USED IN EVERYDAY LIFE. 存在16种人格类型。每种“类型”都可预见出的在日常生活中对应的八种功能的运用方式。 The Roles of the Processes 不同功能的作用 In each of the sixteen types, each of the eight processes plays a different “role” in the personality. The type code lets you know what role each process plays for each type. This is called “type dynamics.” It is also referred to as the “hierarchy of functions”: Dominant, Auxiliary, Tertiary, and Inferior. The roles are explained below to help you better understand the patterns. In most of what we do we rely on two of the processes—a preferred way of accessing information and a preferred way of organizing and evaluating that information. As we look more closely we can see that one process takes a leading role and the other takes a supporting role.* 所有的功能均在不同的人格类型中扮演着各自的角色。类型代码的作用就是让你知道在不同的类型中，各种功能分别扮演着何等角色。这就是所谓的“动力类型”。也就是我们所说的“功能等级”：主导功能，辅助功能，第三功能和劣势功能。这些内容在下面会有进一步的解释以助你加深理解。通常情况下我们主要依靠两种功能，一种用来收集信息，另一种用来组织所获取的信息。当我们对此更深入观察时，会发现一种功能占主导地位而另一种起辅助作用。 In truth, we have access to all eight cognitive processes—the other six are often in the background, playing other kinds of roles. Each has a positive and a negative way of expressing itself. Each bears a different energy cost when we use it. 事实上，我们能够使用所有这八种功能，只是另外六种常常居于幕后，起着不同的作用。每种方式都可能被积极或消极地呈现。当我们运用不同方式时，也就是在向不同的方面投入精力。 The Primary Processes 人格类型的阳面 The primary processes are those used in the first four roles. Each process tends to emerge and develop at different times in our lives. During these times we are drawn to activities that use these processes. Then, learning the content and the skills that engage these processes is often nearly effortless. We find our interest is drawn to them and our interest is pulled away from things we were drawn to before. 人格类型的阳面是我们首要运用的四种功能。不同的功能会在我们生命中的不同阶段出现与发展。在不同的阶段，我们会更活跃地应用对应的功能，并发现可以几乎毫不费力地应用它。我们会发现自己的兴趣逐渐转移，从过去吸引我们的事物上移开。 The Leading Role (Dominant) (sometimes referred to as the 1st function) 主角（主导功能） The process that plays the leading role is the one that usually develops early in childhood. We tend to engage in this process first, trusting it to solve our problems and help us be successful. Being the most trusted and most used, it usually has an adult, mature quality to it. While we are likely to engage in it rather automatically and effortlessly, we have much more conscious control over it. The energy cost for using it is very low. Much like in the movies, the leading role has a heroic quality as using it can get us out of difficult situations. However, we can sometimes “turn up the volume” on this process and become overbearing and domineering. Then it takes on a negative dominating quality. 主导功能通常是我们在童年期即已发展出的功能。我们会倾向于首先运用它，指望它来解决我们的问题，帮助我们成功。这是我们最值得信赖和最常使用的功能，通常是相当成熟完善的。尽管多数情况下我们是在自然而然、毫不费力地运用它，我们也可以更有意识地去掌控它。运用主导功能所需投入的精力极少。正如电影中的主角所起的作用那样，主导功能的运用能够令我们摆脱困境。然而，有时我们也会过分依赖主导功能，变得过于傲慢自大。此时它主要起消极作用。 The Supporting Role (Auxiliary) (sometimes referred to as the 2nd function) 配角（辅助功能） The supporting role is how we are helpful to others as well as supportive of ourselves. Once we have developed some facility with our leading role process, we are more likely to feel comfortable engaging in our supporting role process. In its most positive form, this can be quite like a nurturing parent. In its more negative aspect, it can be overprotective and stunting rather than helpful. When the leading role process is an extraverted one, the supporting role process is introverted. When the leading role process is an introverted one, the supporting role process is extraverted and may be quite active and visible as it provides a way of dealing with the outer world. 辅助功能帮助我们自身的作用正如我们帮助他人。一旦我们能够熟练地运用主导功能，让作为配角的辅助功能来发挥作用会让我们更感舒适。当状况良好时，恰似合适的家庭环境有利于孩子成长。若状况不佳，则可能是主角过于强大而使得配角不能很好地发展，而非起到促进作用。当主导功能外倾时，对应的辅助功能是内倾的。当主导功能内倾时，外倾的辅助功能是我们与外界打交道的方式，会是活跃而易于被觉察的。 The Relief Role (Tertiary) (sometimes referred to as the 3rd function) 替补队员（第三功能） The relief role gives us a way to energize and recharge ourselves. It serves as a backup to the supporting role and often works in tandem with it. When we are younger, we might not engage in the process that plays this role very much unless our life circumstances require it or make it hard to use the supporting role process. Usually, in young adulthood we are attracted to activities that draw upon this process. The relief role often is how we express our creativity. It is how we are playful and childlike. In its most negative expression, this is how we become childish. Then it has an unsettling quality, and we can use this process to distract ourselves and others, getting us off target. 替补队员为我们提供了恢复自我的途径。是配角的替补，并经常与配角共同协作。在我们年轻时，若不是情非得已，配角不能很好地完成任务，可能并不会有力地运用它。通常，在成人初期我们会被替补队员的活动吸引。第三功能通常是我们发挥创造力的途径，会在我们像孩童般嬉戏时出现。在最糟的情况下，这是我们表现出幼稚行为时运用的功能。此时它稳定性不佳，会令我们自己与其他人偏离常轨。 The Aspirational Role (Inferior) (sometimes referred to as the 4th function) 龙套演员（劣势功能或第四功能） The aspirational role usually doesn’t develop until around midlife. We often experience it first in its negative aspect of projecting our “shoulds,” fears, and negativities onto others. The qualities of these fears reflect the process that plays this role, and we are more likely to look immature when we engage in the process that plays this role. There is often a fairly high energy cost for using it—even when we acquire the skill to do so. As we learn to trust it and develop it, the aspirational role process provides a bridge to balance in our lives. Often our sense of purpose, inspiration, and ideals have the qualities of the process that plays this role. 龙套演员通常在我们中年以前并未发展。我们通常是先遇到它在跟我们捣乱，作为我们的内心的命令、恐惧及其他负面情绪出现。此类恐惧是劣势功能在发挥作用的体现，而我们常常在此时并不会成熟地去对待它。在龙套演员登场时，我们常常要投入相当多的精力——即使是在我们掌握了调配它的技能以后。一旦我们学会去信赖并发展它，龙套演员能够成为平衡我们生活的桥梁，连通我们的目标、灵感、理想。 The Shadow Processes 人格类型的阴面 The other four cognitive processes operate more on the boundaries of our awareness. It is as if they are in the shadows and only come forward under certain circumstances. We usually experience these processes in a negative way, yet when we are open to them, they can be quite positive. 剩下的四种功能，处在我们意识的边缘，常常隐身在黑暗中，不会主动出现。它们常常会带给我们负面影响，然而，若我们愿意，同样可以将它们纳入觉知中，发挥它们的积极作用。 The Opposing Role (sometimes referred to as the 5th function) 对手（第五功能） The opposing role is often how we get stubborn and argumentative—refusing to “play” and join in whatever is going on at the time. It might be easy for us to develop skill in the process that plays this role, but we are likely to be more narrow in our application of this skill, and it will likely take more energy to use it extensively. In its positive aspect, it provides a shadow or depth to our leading role process, backing it up and enabling us to be more persistent in pursuit of our goals. 对手通常是让我们感到棘手的——无论何事发生，都拒绝“加入”我方阵营。我们或许可以通过有意让它上场来发展它，但通常可能并不会给它太多的戏份，要让它发挥自如也得投入我们更多的精力。从积极方面来讲，对手是主角的影子，它的存在是对主角的丰富，帮助我们更持久地追求目标。 The Critical Parent Role (sometimes referred to as the 6th function) 批评家（第六功能） The critical parent role is how we find weak spots and can immobilize and demoralize others. We can also feel this way when others use the process that plays this role. It is often used sporadically and emerges more often under stressful conditions when something important is at risk. When we engage it, we can go on and on. To access its positive side of discovery, we must learn to appreciate and be open to it. Then it has an almost magical quality and can provide a profound sense of wisdom. 批评家使我们能够找出弱点，打压别人。当别人运用它来对付我们时，我们就知道它是咋起作用的了。这一位常常在我们遭遇重大危机、顶着极大压力时，才登台表演。若我们愿意，可以让它继续留在台上。若要发挥它的积极作用，我们必须学会欣赏它，留一席之地给它。如此，它会拥有神奇的品质，带给我们深刻的智慧洞见。 The Deceiving Role (sometimes referred to as the 7th function) 骗子（第七功能） The deceiving role fools us into thinking something is important to do or pay attention to. The process that fills this role is often not trusted or seen as worthy of attention, for when we do engage it, we may make mistakes in perception or in decision making. Then we feel double bound—trapped between two bad options. Yet this role can have a positive side as it provides comic relief. Then we can laugh at ourselves. It can be refreshing and join with the relief role as we recharge ourselves through play. 骗子会愚弄我们，让我们以为某些事情是重要的或值得关注的。它的意见通常被认为是不可信或不值得被关注的，若我们当真了，倒是会形成错觉或做出错误的决定。此时我们会发现自己陷入两难境地，左右皆非。尽管如此，它也有积极面，能以滑稽来助我们减压，教我们自嘲。如此，它可以为我们服务，在我们恢复精力时发挥作用。 The Devilish Role (sometimes referred to as the 8th function) 魔鬼（第八功能） The devilish role can be quite negative. Using the process that plays this role, we might become destructive of ourselves or others. Actions (or inactions) taken when we engage in the process that plays this role are often regretted later. Usually, we are unaware of how to use the process that fills this role and feel like it just erupts and imposes itself rather unconsciously. Yet when we are open to the process that plays the devilish role, it becomes transformative. It gives us the impetus to create something new—to make lemonade out of lemons, rather than lament their sourness. 魔鬼通常不干好事儿。当它出现时，可能会让我们自毁毁人。受它影响作出的行动（或不作为）往往会令我们事后悔恨。通常，我们并不知道如何有意使用它，感觉它多半是在我们毫无觉察的情况下突然爆发的。话虽这么说，若我们心胸够宽广，魔鬼也可以改变阵营，倒戈投诚。这时它会成为有创造性的力量，带来新生——恰似将柠檬榨成柠檬汁，使我们不必抱怨柠檬的酸涩。 The Developed Self 自我完善 Remember, we can use all the processes and we can become skilled in that use. Skill comes through practice. As we go through life, we seem to be drawn to activities that develop our primary processes. Sometimes the environment doesn’t allow or foster that development or it can heighten it. Thus, while the personality pattern will be the same for each type, there will be considerable variation among individuals of the same type due to their varying development. 要知道，我们有能力运用所有这些功能并熟练掌握它们。熟能生巧。在生活中，我们会主要倾向于发展人格类型中的阳面。但环境可能会强化它，也可能会阻碍它的发展。因此，即使是人格类型完全相同的人，在各自不同的成长道路中，他们的功能发展也会有相当大的差别。 We are more likely to identify and claim those processes we are aware of, rather than those we are unaware of. If we are competent in using a process yet unaware of it, we will take it for granted. If we are incompetent and unaware, we are likely to project the negative aspects of this process onto others and even deny that it can have any value anywhere. 在我们有意识地情况下识别运用这些功能，比起我们无意中让它们出现，要容易得多。若我们有足够的能力去运用一个尚不熟悉的功能，我们也可以很自然地享受这个过程。若是能力不到，觉知力不够，则多半会受功能的消极面影响，反而怪罪说它其实在任何地方都毫无价值。 The Pattern 模型 The pattern of the processes can be represented by a stick figure. At the head is the process we lead with, commonly called the Dominant. At the right hand is the process we use in a supportive way, commonly called the Auxiliary. At the left hand is the process we use in a relief-giving way, commonly called the Tertiary. And at the feet is what we aspire to, commonly called the Inferior. Since this process is what we aspire to be doing well, it is often what “makes our feet go” even when we are unaware of wanting to go in that direction. 各种功能的使用可以拿一个模型（下面的表格）来描述。主导功能，相当于我们的头脑——我们的领导。辅助功能被比做我们的右手，帮助我们实现头脑的想法。第三功能，或替补队员是左手，起替补作用。双足则代表我们的劣势功能，那位梦想远大的龙套演员。它常常是我们努力想要做好，却不知该如何努力的方面。 Think of the shadow processes as being situated just behind the stick figure to show that they are in the background. Just like a shadow, they are always there, but we are most often not actively using them. 人格类型的阴面，是表格的后半部分。正如我们的影子，总是躲在我们身体的背后，但我们并没有积极地利用它们。 附：16人格的动态平衡 前四项为该人格类型的阳面，后四项为该人格类型的阴面。类型名称采用抽屉网。 ESTP — 创业者 Se Ti Fe Ni Si Te Fi Ne ESFP — 表演者 Se Fi Te Ni Si Fe Ti Ne ISTJ — 检查者 Si Te Fi Ne Se Ti Fe Ni ISFJ — 保护者 Si Fe Ti Ne Se Fi Te Ni ENTP — 发明家 Ne Ti Fe Si Ni Te Fi Se ENFP — 奋斗者 Ne Fi Te Si Ni Fe Ti Se INTJ— 策划者 Ni Te Fi Se Ne Ti Fe Si INFJ— 劝告者 Ni Fe Ti Se Ne Fi Te Si ESTJ — 监督者 Te Si Ne Fi Ti Se Ni Fe ENTJ — 陆军元帅 Te Ni Se Fi Ti Ne Si Fe ISTP — 手艺者 Ti Se Ni Fe Te Si Ne Fi INTP — 建筑师 Ti Ne Si Fe Te Ni Se Fi ESFJ — 供应者 Fe Si Ne Ti Fi Se Ni Te ENFJ — 教导者 Fe Ni Se Ti Fi Ne Si Te ISFP — 创作者 Fi Se Ni Te Fe Si Ne Ti INFP — 化解者 Fi Ne Si Te Fe Ni Se Ti