American Accent Training 纲要以及练习指南【完结】

纲要：

一、语调：

1. 将元音放在两个阶梯上
• 清辅音结尾的单词，最后一个元音放在一个阶梯上；
• 浊辅音结尾的单词，最后一个元音放在两个阶梯上

2. 阶梯以高音开始，低音结束。每当我们想强调一个单词或一种想法，我们就开始一段新的阶梯。新句子并不一定要开始一个新的阶梯，语调可以不停地下降直至出现重读词。

3. 强调：
• 第一次陈述时强调名词；
• 用代词代替名词时强调动词；
• 没有名词时重读形容词，如果是形容词or副词+形容词的形式，要重读形容词，
• 名词一旦出现则重读名词，比如形容词+名词的描述性短语，要重读名词，
• 由描述性短语转变成的固定短语，重读第一个单词。比如：snowy white. Flash light. （描述性短语一旦成为固定短语，重音就从第二个单词移到第一个单词上，而每一个单词的原意几乎被忘却，被新的意义所代替）
• 重读和Street、公司、食物的产地和人们的国籍在一起的第一个单词；
• 重读路名、地名、公园、人名、职位、钱、复合国籍、国籍作为修饰语时的第二个单词
• 冠词和动词时态的变化不重读。

4. 通常一个问句到句末时语调才升起，升起后又马上向下降一点。疑问句比陈述句的语调升得略高，但语调形式是相同的，疑问句并非一路上升。 表情绪的问句或反问句尾词语调一路上升，而反间疑问句则用降调 。

5. 四种重读情况：
• 新信息
• 观点（It sounds like rain.）
• 对比(I like rain, but I hate snow.)
• can’t（否定词或其缩略形式一般不重读，但can’t是个例外。）

6. PRETTY easily: a little difficult ；Pretty EASILY: easily

7. 三至四个的数字或缩写，重音一般落在最后

8. 句子的动词和动词时态被放在句子的“谷底”

9. 同形而词性不同：名词的话，重音在前，动词的话，重音在后。注意有时候元音发音也会有不同。
　　
二 词的连续（同样适用于首字母、数字和拼写） 需要连读的四种情况：

1. 一个单词以辅音结尾，下一个单词以元音（或半元音w,y,r）开头，单词间要连读 an orange [ə●nornj]， an opening [ə●nop'ning]， an interview [ə●ninerview]

2. 一个单词以辅音结尾，下一个单词以相似部位的辅音开头，

3. 一个单词以元音结尾，下一个单词以元音开头（中间用/w/或/y/连接，但不要太明显）[y]双唇足够向后缩+拖长，[w]双唇撅起来。thee(y)apple， thee(y)egg， thee(y)easy way

4. T+Y=CH What’s your name[wə cher name]. virtual[vrchə w əl]. Not yet[na chet].

5. D+Y=J Did you see it?[didjə see y it]. gradual[graejə w əl].

6. S+Y=SH Yes,you are[yeshu are]. Let him gas your car for you.[leddim garshier car fr you]

7. Z+Y=ZH How’s your family?[haeozhier faemlee]. vision[vizh’n].

三、元音发音 （所谓长短元音发音位置并不相同）
• /ɔ/发成/ ʌ / ，/ ʌ /发成/ə/，/u/发成/ə/的相似音
• it, as, of, and, do, than, that, at, have, had, can, to中元音均发成/ə/ (to+无间：d+元音连读)
• i在词中（如－ity,-ible等）发/ə/ 音（其中-ity发/ədee/）

四、T（以句子为单位分析）
1. t在开头或重读音节时，发t音。Ted took ten tomatoes
2. t在两个元音中间时，发d。Betty bought a bit of better butter（注意what, but, that加代词时发音的变化）
3. t在单词末时被抑制。What? Put my hat back!
4. 以tain, ten, tin, ton结尾时，t被抑制。She’s certain that he has written it
5. 以清辅音结尾的动词的-ed形式，d发t音（例外：wicked, naked, crooked, etc.）
6. 接在n后的t不发音。interview[innerview] winter[win d er] twenty[twenny]
　　
五、s&z
1. 一般来说，在清辅音后s发s,其它发z
2. 例外：s:close, use, thirsty, bux, dust, loose，z: to close, to use
3. 以z结尾的单词音长比s长
4. used(不同的用法和含义有不同的发音)
　　I used to eat rice. (yust tu)
　　I am used to eating rice. (yus tu)
　　Chopsticks are used to eat rice. (yuzd tu)
　　I used chopsticks to eat rice. (yuzd)

六、其它
• cally 一般发成 -klee
• Them的th以及his/her的h经常被省略
• be动词前作轻微的停顿，表示要介绍定义
• ng发音时舌头后压
• x的发音分两种情况：(1)ks.后跟清辅音; [ks]:excite， (2)gz.其后跟浊辅音或元音且重音在第二个音节上。 [gz]:example.
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Reduced Sound 练习

Reduced Sounds CD 2 Track 26

1. To: |t| or |d| |(t)|
today [t'day] tonight [t'night] tomorrow
to work [t'wrk] to school to the store [t' th' store]
We have to go now.
He went to work [he wentə work]
They hope to find it. [they houpdə fine dit]
I can't wait to find out. [äi cæn(t)wai(t)tə fine dæot]
We don't know what to do. [we dont know w'(t)t' do]
Don't jump to conclusions. [dont j'm t' c'ncloozh'nz]
To be or not to be... [t'bee(y)r nät t' bee]
He didn't get to go. [he din ge(t)tə gou]
He told me to help. [he told meedə help]
She told you to get it. [she tol joodə geddit]
I go to work [ai goudə wrk]
at a quarter to two [ædə kworder də two]
The only way to get it is... [thee(y)only waydə geddidiz]
You've got to pay to get it. [yoov gäddə paydə geddit]
We plan to do it. [we plæn də do it]
Let's go to lunch. [lets goudə lunch]
The score was 4 ~ 6 [th' score w'z for də six]
It's the only way to do it. [its thee(y)ounly weidə do(w)'t]
So to speak... [soda speak]
I don't know how to say it. [äi don(t)know hæwdə say(y)it]
Go to page 8. [goudə pay jate]
Show me how to get it. [show me hæodə geddit]
You need to know when to do it. [you nee(d)də nou wendə do (w)it]
Who's to blame? [hooz də blame]

2. At: (01:21) |ə(t)| or |əd| 和t的变音相同
We're at home. [wirə(t) home]
I'll see you at lunch. [äiyəl see you(w)ə(t) lunch]
Dinner's at five. [d'nnerzə(t) five]
Leave them at the door. [lee vəmə(t) thə door]
The meeting's at one. [th' meeding z't w'n]
He's at the post office. [heezə(t)the poussdäffəs]
They're at the bank. [thεrə(t)th' bænk]
I'm at school. [äimə(t)school]
I'll see you at eleven. [äiyəl see you(w)ədə lεv'n]
He's at a meeting. [heez' də meeding]
She laughed at his idea. [she læf dədi zy deeyə]
One at a time [wənədə time]
We got it at an auction. [we gädidədə näksh'n]
The show started at eight. [th' show stardədə date]
The dog jumped out at us. [th' däg jump dæo dədəs]
I was at a friend's house. [äi w'z'd' frenz hæos]

3. It (02:07) |t| or |i(t)| |d| 和t的变音相同
Can you do it? [k'niu do(w)'t]
Give it to me. [g'v'(t)t' me]
Buy it tomorrow. [bäi(y)ə(t)t' märrow]
It can wait. ['t c' n wait]
Read it twice. [ree d'(t)twice]
Forget about it! [frgedd' bæodit]
Give it a try. [gividæ try]
Let it alone. [ledidə lone]
Take it away. [tay kida way]
I got it in London. [äi gädidin l'nd'n]
What is it about? [w'd'z'd'bæot]
Let's try it again. [lets try'd' gen]
Look! There it is! [lük there'd'z]

4. For (02:37) |fr| and not reduced at the end of a sentence
This is for you. [th's'z fr you]
It's for my friend. [ts fr my friend]
A table for four, please. [ə table fr four, pleeze]
We planned it for later. [we plan dit fr layd'r]
For example, for instance [fregg zæmple] [frin st'nss]
What is this for? [w'd'z this for] (for is not reduced at the end of a sentence)
What did you do it for? [w'j' do(w)it for]
Who did you get it for? [hoojya geddit for]

5. From (03:00) |fr'm| m要和后面的元音连读
It's from the IRS. [ts frm thee(y)äi(y)ä ress]
I'm from Arkansas. [äim fr'm ärk' nsä]
There's a letter from Bob. [therzə cäll fr'm Bäb]
This letter's from Alaska! [this ledderz frəmə læskə]
Who's it from? [hoozit frəm]
Where are you from? [wher'r you frəm]

6. In (03:17) |'n| n要和后面的元音连读
It's in the bag. [tsin thə bæg]
What's in it? [w'ts'n't]
I'll be back in a minute. [äiyəl be bæk'nə m'n't]
This movie? Who's in it? [this movie ... hooz'n't]
Come in. [c 'min]
He's in America. [heez'nə mεrəkə]

7. An (03:32) |ə n| ə与前面的辅音连读，n与后面的元音连读
He's an American. [heez'nə mεrəkən]
I got an A in English. [äi gäddə nay ih ninglish]
He got an F in Algebra. [hee gäddə neffinæl jəbrə]
He had an accident. [he hædə næksəd'nt]
We want an orange. [we wandə nornj]
He didn't have an excuse. [he didn' hævə neks kyooss]
I'll be there in an instant. [äi(y)'l be there inə ninstnt]
It's an easy mistake to make. [itsə neezee m' stake t' make]

8. And (03:55) |ən| or |n| n要和后面的元音连读
ham and eggs [hæmə neggz]
bread and butter [bredn buddr]
Coffee? With cream and sugar? [käffee ... with creem'n sh'g'r]
No, lemon and sugar. [nou ... lem'n'n sh'g'r]
... And some more cookies? ['n smore cükeez]
They kept going back and forth. [they kep going bækn forth]
We watched it again and again. [we wächdədə gen'ənə gen]
He did it over and over. [he di di doverə nover]
We learned by trial and error. [we lrnd by tryələnerər]

9. Or (04:22) |r|
Soup or salad? [super salad]
now or later [næ(w)r laydr]
more or less [mor'r less]
left or right [lefter right]
For here or to go? [f'r hir'r d'go]
Are you going up or down? [are you going úpper dόwn]

10. Are (04:39) |r|
What are you doing? [w'dr you doing]
Where are you going? [wer'r you going]
What're you planning on doing? [w'dr yü planning än doing]
How are you? [hæwr you]
Those are no good. [thozer no good]
How are you doing? [hæwer you doing]
The kids are still asleep. [the kidzer stillə sleep]

11. Your (04:56) |y'r|
How's your family? [hæozhier fæmlee]
Where're your keys? [wher'r y'r keez]
You're American, aren't you? [yrə mer'k'n, arn choo]
Tell me when you're ready. [tell me wen yr reddy]
Is this your car? [izzis y'r cär]
You're late again, Bob. [yer lay də gen, Bäb]
Which one is yours? [which w'n'z y'rz]

12. One (05:16) |w'n| n和后面的元音连读
Which one is better? [which w'n'z bedder]
One of them is broken. [w'n'v'm'z brok'n]
I'll use the other one. [æl yuz thee(y)əther w'n]
I like the red one, Edwin. [äi like the redw'n, edw'n]
That's the last one. [thæts th' lass dw'n]
The next one'll be better. [the necks dw'n'll be bedd'r]
Here's one for you. [hir zw'n f'r you]
Let them go one by one. [led'm gou w'n by w'n]

13. The (05:38) |th'| or |ə 通常在S音后变成ə|
It's the best. [ts th' best]
What's the matter? [w'ts th' madder]
What's the problem? [w'tsə präbl'm]
I have to go to the bathroom. [äi hæf t' go d' th' bæthroom]
Who's the boss around here? [hoozə bäss səræond hir]
Give it to the dog. [g'v'(t)tə th' däg]
Put it in the drawer. [püdidin th' dror]

14. A (05:56) |ə|
It's a present. [tsə preznt]
You need a break. [you needə break]
Give him a chance. [g'v'mə chæns]
Let's get a new pair of shoes. [lets geddə new perə shooz]
Can I have a Coke, please? [c'nai hævə kouk, pleez]
Is that a computer? [izzædə k'mpyoodr]
Where's a public telephone? [wherzə pəblic teləfoun]

15. Of (06:11) |'v| or |ə| or |əf| 如果后面有元音，要保留F音和后面的元音连读
It's the top of the line. [tsə täp'v th' line]
It's a state of the art printer. [tsə stay də thee(y)ärt prinner]
As a matter of fact, ... [z'mædderə fækt]
Get out of here. [geddæow də hir]
Practice all of the time. [prækt'säll'v th' time]
Today's the first of May. [t'dayz th' frss d'v May]
What's the name of that movie? [w'ts th' nay m'v thæt movie]
That's the best of all! [thæts th' bess d'väll]
some of them [səməvəm]
all of them [älləvəm]
most of them [mosdəvəm]
none of them [nənəvəm]
any of them [ennyəvəm]
the rest of them [th' resdəvəm]

16. Can (06:43) |k'n| n和后面的元音连读
Can you speak English? [k'new spee kinglish]
I can only do it on Wednesday. [äi k'nonly du(w)idän wenzday]
A can opener can open cans. [ə kænopener k'nopen kænz]
Can I help you? [k'näi hel piu]
Can you do it? [k'niu do(w)'t]
We can try it later. [we k'n try it layder]
I hope you can sell it. [äi hou piu k'n sell't]
No one can fix it. [nou w'n k'n fick sit]
Let me know if you can find it. [lemme no(w)'few k'n fine dit]

17. Had (07:08) |'d| 和后面的元音连读
Jack had had enough. [jæk'd hædə' naf]
Bill had forgotten again. [bil'd frga(t)n nə gen]
What had he done to deserve it? [w'd'dee d'nd'd' zr vit]
We'd already seen it. [wee'däl reddy see nit]
He'd never been there. [heed never bin there]
Had you ever had one? [h'jou(w)ever hædw'n]
Where had he hidden it? [wer dee hidn●nit]
Bob said he'd looked into it. [bäb sedeed lükdin tu(w)it]

18. Would (07:32)
He would have helped, if ... [he wuda help dif ...]
Would he like one? [woody lye kw'n]
Do you think he'd do it? [dyiu thing keed du(w)'t]
Why would I tell her? [why wüdäi teller]
We'd see it again, if... [weed see(y)idəgen, if...]
He'd never be there on time. [heed never be therän time]
Would you ever have one? [w'jou(w)ever hævw'n]

19. Was (07:51)
He was only trying to help. [he w'zounly trying də help]
Mark was American. [mär kw'z'mer'k'n]
Where was it? [wer w'z't]
How was it? [hæow'z't]
That was great! [thæt w'z great]
Who was with you? [hoow'z with you]
She was very clear. [she w'z very clear]
When was the war of 1812? [wen w'z th' wor'v ei(t)teentwelv]

20. What (08:12)
What time is it? [w't tye m'z't]
What's up? [w'ts'p]
What's on your agenda? [w'tsänyrə jendə]
What do you mean? [w'd'y' mean]
What did you mean? [w'j'mean]
What did you do about it? [w'j' du(w)əbæodit]
What took so long? [w't tük so läng]
What do you think of this? [w'ddyə thing k'v this]
What did you do then? [w'jiu do then]
I don't know what he wants. [I dont know wədee wänts]

21. Some (08:35)
Some are better than others. [s'mr beddr thənətherz]
There are some leftovers. [ther'r s'm lef doverz]
Let's buy some ice cream. [let spy s' mice creem]
Could we get some other ones? [kwee get s 'mother w'nz]
Take some of mine. [take səməv mine]
Would you like some more? [w' joo like s'more] (or very casually) [jlike smore]
Do you have some ice? [dyü hæv səmice]
Do you have some mice? [dyü hæv səmice]

22. That Reduced Sound CD 2 Track 27
Relative Pronoun： The car that she ordered is red. [the car th('t) she order diz red]
Conjunction： He said that he liked it. [he se(d) the dee läikdit. ]
Demonstrative： Why did you do that? [why dijoo do thæt?]
I know that he'll read that book that I told you about. [äi know the dill read thæt bük the dai toljoo(w)' bæot]

综合练习 Reduced Sound CD 2 Track 29

Hello, my name is_______________. I'm taking American Accent Training. There's a lot to learn, but I hope to make it as enjoyable as possible. I should pick up on the American intonation pattern pretty easily, although the only way to get it is to practice all of the time. I use the up and down, or peaks and valleys, intonation more than I used to. I've been paying attention to pitch, too. It's like walking down a staircase. I've been talking to a lot of Americans lately, and they tell me that I'm easier to understand. Anyway, I could go on and on, but the important thing is to listen well and sound good/Well, what do you think? Do I?

Hello, my name'z_____________. I'm taking 'mer'k'n Acc'nt Train'ng. Therez' lotť learn, b't I hope ť make 'ťz njoy'bl'z poss'bl. I sh'd p'ck 'p on the 'mer'k'n 'nťnash'n pattern pretty eas'ly, although the only way ť get 't 'z ť pracťs all 'v th' time. I use the 'p'n down, or peaks 'n valleys, 'nťnash'n more th'n I used to. Ive b'n pay'ng 'ttensh'n ť p'ch, too. 'Ts like walk'ng down' staircase. Ive b'n talk'ng to' lot 'v'mer'k'ns lately, 'n they tell me th't Im easier to 'nderstand. Anyway, I k'd go on 'n on, b't the 'mporťnt th'ng 'z ť l's'n wel'n sound g'd. W'll, wh' d'y' th'nk? Do I?
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Tag Endings 练习

CD 2 Track 34

Did he? Didee?
Does he? Duzzy?
Was he? Wuzzy?
Has he? Hazzy?
Is he? Izzy?
Will he? Willy?
Would he? Woody?
Can he? Canny?
Wouldn't you? Wooden chew?
Shouldn't I? Shüdn näi?
Won't he? Woe knee?
Didn't he? Didn knee?
Hasn't he? Has a knee?
Wouldn't he? Wooden knee?
Isn't he? Is a knee?
Isn't it? Is a nit?
Doesn't it? Duzza nit?
Aren't I? Are näi?
Won't you? Wone chew?
Don't you? Done chew?
Can't you? Can chew?
Could you? Cüjoo?
Would you? Wüjoo?

1. The new clerk is very slow, isn't he!
2. But he can improve, can't he?
3. She doesn't type very well, does she!
4. They lost their way, didn't they?
5. You don't think so, do you!
6. I don't think it's easy, is it?
7. I'm your friend, aren't I?
8. You won't be coming, will you?
9. He keeps the books, doesn't he?
10. We have to close the office, don't we?
11. We have closed the office, haven't we?
12. We had to close the office, didn't we!
13. We had the office closed, didn't we?
14. We had already closed the office, hadn't we?
15. We'd better close the office, hadn't we!
16. We'd rather close the office, wouldn't we?
17. The office has closed, hasn't it?
18. You couldn't tell, could you!
19. You'll be working late tonight, won't you?
20. He should have been here by now, shouldn't he!
21. He should be promoted, shouldn't he!
22. I didn't send the fax, did I?
23. I won't get a raise this year, will I?
24. You use the computer. don't you?
25. You're used to the computer. aren't you!
26. You used to use the computer, didn't you?
27. You never used to work Saturdays, did you?
28. That's better, isn't it?
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Consonant / Vowel Liaison 练习

CD 2 Track 39
hold on [hol don]
turn over [tur nover]
tell her I miss her [tellerl misser]
read only
fall off
follow up on
come in
call him
sell it
take out
fade away
6-0
MA

Vowel / Vowel

CD2 Track 44

When a word ending in a vowel sound is next to one beginning with a vowel sound, they are connected with a glide between the two vowels. A glide is either a slight [y] sound or a slight [w] sound. How do you know which one to use? This will take care of itself—the position your lips are in will dictate either [y] or [w]. Go away. Go(w)away. I also need the other one. I(y)also need thee(y)other one. For example, if a word ends in [o] your lips are going to be in the forward position, so a [w] quite naturally leads into the next vowel sound—[Go(w)away]. You don't want to say Go...away and break the undercurrent of your voice. Run it all together: [Go(w)away]. After a long [ē] sound, your lips will be pulled back far enough to create a [y] glide or liaison: [I(y) also need the(y)other one]. Don't force this sound too much, though. It's not a strong pushing sound. [I(y) also need the(y)other one] would sound really weird.

Pause the CD and reconnect the following words as shown in the models. Add a (y) glide after an [e] sound, and a (w) glide after an [u] sound. Don't forget that the sound of the American O is really [ou].
she isn't [she(y)isn't] who is [who(w)iz]
1. go anywhere _______________
2. so honest _______________
3. through our _______________
4. you are _______________
5. he is _______________
6. do I? _______________
7. I asked _______________
8. to open _______________
9. she always _______________
10. too often _______________