《海滨墓园》的中英译本及详细注解

译者序 《海滨墓园》是法国大诗人瓦雷里的代表作，大概由于技巧高超内涵丰富，很多中译本甚至英译本都不够简明流畅。其实《海滨墓园》具备马拉美诗歌的纯净却不含艾略特诗歌的生硬（我一直认为艾略特是个大忽悠，净整一些急转弯）。于是我先把法文原版翻译成英文，又一鼓作气翻译成汉语，还做了详细的注解。对于英语高手，看我的英译可能比看中译更能领会原著，因为英语和法语，无论语法或词汇，都非常接近，并且我的英译基本上用了直译。尽管如此，我对原诗古典主义的严谨格律，也没敢强烈地追求，唯恐影响我再现高深的内容。原诗六行一节，共二十四节，为了便于注解，我编上了序号。最近我正用相同的方法，从西班牙文原版翻译墨西哥诗人帕斯的代表作《太阳石》，已经完成了一百四十多行。我强烈反对不懂装懂卖弄辞藻的翻译，也蔑视不求甚解只留印象的阅读。在我看来，即使在现代派的诗歌中，每一个词都有存在的理由。 海滨墓园 THE SEASIDE CEMETERY　　　　　　　　　　　　 1 这片恬静的屋顶有鸽子走动，This tranquil roof , where some doves walks, 闪耀在近旁的松林坟墓之间，Flashes among the pines and tombs nearby, 正午这公正者在这里用火焰 Midday the just composes here with fire 　 描绘大海，我总在沉思以后 The sea, the sea, always recommenced 将这神圣的宁静久久地凝望，Recompense after a pensee 大海啊，是永远新鲜的奖赏！Owing to a long gaze to the serenity of the gods! 2 细碎的闪电那些单纯的劳作 What pure works of tiny lightnings consumes 消耗多少钻石般微小的泡沫，Many diamonds of imperceptible foam, 什么样的平和显然正在酝酿！And what peace seems to conceive itself ! 当一个太阳停歇在这深渊上，When a sun reposes upon the abyss, 一种永恒事业的单纯的成果，Pure outcome of an eternal cause, 时间会闪光，求知就是梦想。Time sparkles and dream is to know. 3 稳妥的宝库简朴的密涅瓦庙，Stable treasure, simple temple to Minerve, 大块的平静以及明显的持重，Calm mass, and visible reserve, 严肃的水，睡意沉沉的眼睛，Severe water, eye that keeps in you 被一层火苗轻轻覆盖的眼睛，So much sleep beneath a veil of flame, 我的寂静！内心深处的大厦，Oh my silence!…Edifice inside the soul, 更像黄金屋顶点缀着千片瓦！Moreover the auric roof with one thousand tiles! 4 时间的圣殿简述为一声叹息，Temple of time, that a single sigh summarizes, 我升向这单纯的瞬间并熟悉 To this pure point I rise and get accustomed 我向海面所久久凝望的一切；To all the encircled by my seaward gaze; 而在这种高度，安静的闪光 And as my supreme offering to the gods, 已在我心底播下极端的轻蔑，The serene scintillation sows 作为给诸位神明最高的供养。At the altitude an upmost disdain. 5 正如水果一经享用就会化解，As the fruit dissolves being enjoyed, 正如它们在一张张嘴里消失，As in delight it changes into absence 高高兴兴地丢掉存在的形式，Within a mouth where its form vanishes, 现在我嗅着自身未来的尘烟，Now I breathe my afterlife smoke, 而苍穹也为我这耗竭的灵魂 And the sky sings to the consumed soul 歌唱着传说中海岸线的改变。The change of the shores in rumour. 6 美丽的苍穹啊，真实的苍穹，Beautiful sky, true sky, look whom I become! 瞧我变得！在孤芳自赏以后，After such hubris, after such strange 怪异的懒散却自信满满以后，Idleness, however full of power, 我就投身于这片亮丽的空间，I abandon myself to this brilliant space, 我的影子掠过死者们的家园，Above the houses of the dead passes my shadow 驯服我来紧跟它脆弱的举动。That tames me in pace with its frail move. 7 灵魂暴露给至点的这些火炬，The soul exposed to the torches of the solstice, 我拥护你，你这可敬的公正 I advocate you, admirable justice 就来自于冷酷的武器的光辉！Of the light from the arms without pity! 我要把单纯的你悬挂到原位，I hang pure you onto your original place, 请你看看自己！但归还光辉 Look at yourself !…But to return the light 就意味着一部分悲哀的阴影。Implies a moiety of mournful shade. 8 啊只为我自己，只对我而言，Oh for me only, to me only, inside myself, 在我内心深处那诗歌的源头，Near the depth of my heart, at the sources of poem, 在那空白与单纯的事件之间，Between the void and the pure event, 我等待崇高品质来共鸣回响，I wait for the echo of my internal grandeur, 如同苦涩昏暗而洪亮的水池，Bitter, somber, and sonorous cistern, 在心中报响永远空洞的未来！Pealing in the soul an ever hollow future! 9 海湾并不是枝叶真正的囚犯，Do you know, false captive of the foliages, 却是食客悄悄吃稀疏的栅栏，Gulf eater of these sparse fences, 是奥秘晃得我难睁眼，请问 Secrets dazzling on my closed eyes, 甚尸体拉我看他懒惰的结局，What corpse drags me to his indolent finis, 甚脸庞吸引我到这多骨之地？What face attracts me to this bony land? 似火花一闪我想起过世亲朋。A spark here thinks of my absentees. 10 封闭神圣且充满无形的火焰，Closed, sacred, full of fire without matter, 这块土地完全被献给了光明，Terrestrial fragment offered to the luminosity, 我喜欢这地点，由火炬统治，This location pleases me, dominated by flambeaus, 有黄金岩石以及阴暗的树丛，Composed of gold, of stone and somber trees, 多少大理石颤抖在鬼魂上面；Where much marble trembles on so many specters; 忠诚的大海睡在这墓群旁边！The faithful sea sleeps here near my tombs! 11 亮丽的狗，赶走偶像崇拜者！Splendid dog, keep off the idolater! 当我独自面带牧羊人的笑纹，While solitary with the smile of shepherd, 长时间放牧这些神秘的绵羊，I pasture, for long, mysterious sheep, 这些恬静的坟墓的白色羊群，The white flock of my tranquil tombs, 请驱逐那些小心翼翼的鸽子，Drive away the prudent doves, 虚妄的梦想以及好奇的天使！The vain dreams, the curious angels! 12 在这个地方，未来就是懒散，Present here, the future is laziness, 洁净的爬虫抓挠干燥的沙滩；The neat insect scratches the drought; 一切都被焚毁击溃收进空气 All is burnt, defeated, received into the air 以我所不知道的朴素的本质。With I do not know what severe essence… 生活辽阔，又为欠缺而痴狂，Life is vast, drunk on absence, 苦恼变成甜蜜故而神清气爽。And bitterness is sweet, and the spirit clear. 13 泥土已彻底掩埋了这些死者，The dead are well concealed in this soil 并重温他们烤干他们的神秘。That warms them up and dries up their mystery. 正午高高在上，且纹丝不动，Midday up there, midday without movement 一味沉思默想仅仅满足自己，Within itself cogitates and satisfys itself 总在完善自己的形象与冠冕，Completes its image and perfects its diadem, 然而我是你内部悄悄的改变。I am the secret change in you. 14 你只有我来担当你所有畏惧！You have only me to contain your frights! 我的懊悔我的疑虑我的拘谨 My repentance, my doubts, my constraints 就是你那壮丽的钻石的缺陷！Are the defect of your grand diamond!… 但在大理石下浓重的夜色里，But in their heavy night under marbles, 朦胧的人群在树木的根须间 A vague people among the roots of trees 已经慢慢选择立场去信赖你。Have already taken your side slowly. 15 他们已经消散为稠密的虚空，They have dissipated into a dense absence, 红色粘土吸收了白色的种类，The ruddy clay has absorbed the white species, 生存的才干已经被传进花朵！The gift for living has passed into the flowers! 　 哪里还有死者们惯用的辞令，Where are the familiar phrases of the dead, 以及个人的技艺独特的心灵？The personal artistry, the singular souls? 幼虫结网在眼泪形成的处所。The larva weaves where form the tears. 16 被逗弄的女孩们的尖脆叫喊，The shrill screams from tickled girls, 那些眼睛牙齿和潮湿的眼睑，The eyes, the teeth, the moist eyelids, 那玩弄欲火的诱惑性的乳房，The charming bosom that plays with lust, 血液在依从的双唇上的闪光，The blood that gleams on the yielding lips, 最后的献身半推半就的手指，The last gifts, the fingers that defend them, 都进入地下又返回人间喜事。All goes underground yet returns to joys. 17 你，伟大的灵魂，是否盼望 And you, great soul, do you expect a dream 一种梦再无这些虚幻的色彩，That will no longer have these colors of illusion 无波浪金光为肉眼制造假象？That the wave and gold cause to the fleshly eyes? 薄雾蒙蒙时你还会不会歌唱？Are you still to sing when you are hazy? 哎都流逝了！我已百孔千疮，Alas! All flows away! My presence is porous, 我那神圣的焦虑也已经死亡！The sacred impatience also dies! 　 18 又黑又瘦的永生被镀成金色，Meager immortality black and gilded, 这安慰者还戴着可怕的桂冠，Consolation frightfully laurelled, 让死亡生出一座母性的乳房，Who grows a maternal bosom from the death, 真是美丽的谎言虔诚的伎俩！The beautiful falsehood and the pious ruse! 谁明白不了，谁又拒绝不了 Who does not know, and who does not refuse 这空洞的脑壳和永生的欢笑！This void skull and this eternal laughter! 19 深埋的祖先带着荒废的头颅，Profound ancestors, uninhabited heads, 承受着那一铲铲泥土的重压，Who beneath the weight of so many spadefuls, 化作大地听不清我们的脚步，Are the land and confound our pace, 真正的啮齿类，占理的蠕虫，The true rodent, the irrefutable worm 并非针对石板下沉睡的你们，Is not for you at all who sleep under the slabs, 它倚赖生命从没离开我肉身！It lives on life, it never leaves me! 20 爱情，或者说对自己的憎恶？Love, perhaps, or hatred of myself ? 它隐秘的牙齿向我如此逼近 Its secret fang is so imminent to me 可以说怎么称呼它都不过分！That all the names can suit it! 没事！它也看也要也梦也摸！No matter! It sees, it wants, it dreams, it touches! 我的皮肉能吸引它直奔床榻，My flesh appeals to it, till upon my bed, 这点生机竟支配着我的生活！I live to belong to this vitality! 21 芝诺！残忍的埃利亚的芝诺！Zeno! Cruel Zeno! Zeno of Elea! 你已经用一支羽箭刺穿了我，You have pierced me with this winged arrow 那颤动飞行并且静止的羽箭！That vibrates, flies, and that does not fly! 弓一响我出生箭一到我丧命！The sound bears me and the arrow kills me! 太阳！人背着沉重的乌龟影，Ah! the sun…What shadow of tortoise 阿基里大步飞奔却不得动弹！For the soul, Achilles immobile with large strides! 22 不！起来！投入连绵的时代！No, no!…Arise! Into the successive era! 我的身躯，打碎这沉思模样！Break, my body, this pensive form! 我的胸膛，畅饮初生的微风！Drink, my chest, the birth of wind! 大海将一阵轻柔的气流散发，A light air, exhaled from the sea, 还了我魂魄……咸味的力量！Returns me my soul…oh salty strength! 让我们奔向波涛去溅射水花！Let us run to the wave with a vital splash! 23 对！壮丽的海洋有妄想天赋，Yes! grand sea of gifted delirium, 还有豹皮和布满窟窿的斗篷，Skin of panther and perforated chlamys, 以及太阳那成千上万的宠物，With thousands of idols of the sun, 绝对是多头蛇觊觎你的蓝肉，Absolute hydra, drunk with your blue flesh, 一次次追咬你亮晶晶的尾巴，That bites your scintillating tail again 在这类似寂静的一片喧嚣中 In a tumult similar to silence 24 起风了！我们应努力活下去！The wind is rising!…we should attempt to live! 无边气流把我的书打开合拢，The immense air opens and closes my book, 浩渺烟波勇敢地朝岩石奔腾！The wave dare gush to the rocks in powder! 都飞走吧，值得称道的纸页！You fly away, all the commendable pages! 海浪，用喜洋洋的大水冲裂 Break, waves! Break with elated waters 　 这曾有小帆啄食的恬静屋顶！This tranquil roof where the jibs were pecking! 译注： 1 这首象征诗追求朦胧的意境，不少地方用词很含糊。其实屋顶就是海面，鸽子是小三角帆。海洋象征生命和原始的活力，墓地象征死亡，而正午协调着生与死，在一定程度上代表着真理。所谓公正者，是说太阳既不偏东也不偏西。 2 细碎的闪电指的是海面的粼粼波光。时间闪光指的是，生活有意义。另外本诗多次用到pur这个词，这一节就用了两次。我都翻译成单纯的，言外之意是不带功利的目的，只想着创造和真理。 3 这一段全是比喻大海。密涅瓦是古罗马智慧女神。 4 时间的圣殿可能暗指历史。极端的轻蔑是对人世间沧桑变化的蔑视。 5 这一段就是思考世界的沧桑变化。 6 脆弱的举动是说影子没有任何力量，也没有固定的外形。 7 至点，在本诗中，应该是夏至点，北半球光照最强烈的时候。 8 单纯的事件指的是包括作诗在内的精神方面的创作活动。 9 第一行是说海湾被很多树木围绕，好像被困在了枝叶间。第二行是说海湾的潮气总是腐蚀栅栏。懒惰的结局意思是，人死了只会躺着，不干活。 10 第四行的黄金应该指海面上的阳光。 11 亮丽的狗指的是大海。这一段很优美，让人想到雪莱的《西风颂》。作者太喜欢独处了，连天使都要驱逐，也暗示不想与宗教有瓜葛。 12 爬虫指的是海浪。 13 烤干他们的神秘意思是，让他们腐烂，越来越不像死尸，也就越来越没神秘感。 14 第一句的意思是，只有我担心正午会褪变乃至消失。 15 稠密的虚空指的是死者们已经消亡却仿佛仍然集中在墓地。 16 这一段很色情，让我这正人君子几乎都译不下去了，嘴唇发干两眼冒火浑身哆嗦……看来外国女人也是这德行！ 17 伟大的灵魂指的是正午。 18 这一段表明作者反对宗教麻醉人生，尤其对基督教的永生理论深恶痛绝。被镀成金色意味着虚荣和欺骗。空洞的脑壳既代表死亡，也暗示无知。 19 这一段和下一段，表达了近乎绝望的人生感悟。 20 隐秘的牙齿暗示着爱情的贪婪。 21 这一段引用了古希腊哲学家芝诺的两个悖论——阿基里追龟说和飞箭静止说，并做了形象的发挥，突出了人生的短暂沉重荒谬可笑以及思维的终极困境。确实，我们发现作者冥思苦想高谈阔论了大半天，最终也没得出什么积极的结论。 22 作者忽然怒了，恰似乐曲在结尾前转调，并迅速推向高潮。23段最后没有标点，直接进入24段，就像《命运交响曲》第三乐章不做停顿就进入第四乐章。所谓太阳的宠物是指色彩斑斓的生物。多头蛇，或曰七头蛇，是古希腊神话中的蛇怪，它的七个头被斩掉后还能复生。本诗的最后三段颇具象征主义的技巧和浪漫主义的热情，激发了大海所象征的原始生命力，抛弃了书本和思索，最后反而得到了积极的结论——努力活下去！