ON PSYCHIC ENERGY 14

ON PSYCHIC ENERGY 14 论心灵能源 Carl Jung 卡尔 荣格 4. GENERAL REMARKS ON THE ENERGIC POINT OF VIEW IN PSYCHOLOGY 心理学的能源观点的通论 d. Introduction 导论 But what means have we of estimating the energic value of the constellating power which enriches the complex with asso¬ciations? \Ve can estimate this quantum of energy in various ways: (1) from the relative number of constellations effected by the nuclear element; (2) from the relative frequency and in¬tensity of the reactions indicating a disturbance or complex; (3) from the intensity of the accompanying affects. 但是，我们有什么工具来评估这个汇集力量的能源价值？这些汇集到力量丰富情结，用各种联想？我们能够评估这个能源的数量，用各种的方式：一，从核心元素造成的相对数目的汇集，二、从指示困扰或情结的各种反应的相对频率与张力，三、从伴随情感的张力。 I. The data required to determine the relative number of constellations may be obtained partly by direct observation and partly by analytical deduction. That is to say, the more frequent the constellations conditioned by one and the same complex, the greater must be its psychological valency. 被要求来决定相对数目的汇集，部分凭借直接的观察，部分凭借分析的推理。换句话说，有某一个相同情结所制约的汇集越加经常，心理的价值就越大。 2. The reactions indicating a disturbance or complex do not include onlythe symptoms that appear in the course of asscoations experiment. These are really nothing but the effects of the complex, and their form is determined by the particular type of experiment. We are more concerned here with those phenomena that are peculiar to psychological processes outside experimental conditions. Freud has described the greater part of them under the head of lapses of speech, mistakes in writing, slips of memory, misunderstandings, and other sYIIlf>tomatic actions. To these we must add the automatisms described by me, "thought-deprivation," "interdiction," "irrelevant talk," 21 etc. 指示困扰或情结并没有包括仅是联系的试验里出现的征状。这些反应确实仅是情结的影响。我们在此更加关心那些现象，对于心理的过程特有的那些现象，外在于试验的情况。弗洛依德曾经描述它们的更大的部分，在这些标题之下：言说的失误，书写错误，记忆失误，误解，与其他的自动的反应。除外，我们必须增添我所描述的自动机制，“思维-被剥夺”，“权威禁令”，“不相干谈话”，等等。 associations and connecting bridges to the conscious contents. All these connec¬tions must first be laid down with considerable effort, for without them no consciousness is possible. Two main grounds must therefore be considered in explaining the unconsciousness of a complex: (I) the repression of a content capable of becoming conscious, and (2) the strangeness of a content not yet capable of reaching consciousness. 20 Or to an hypostatized concept of energy, such as Ostwald holds. But the con-cept of substance needed for a causal-mechanistic mode of explanation can hardly be circumvented in this fashion, since "energy" is at bottom always a concept concerned with quantity alone. 12 23 ON PSYCHIC ENERGY 、、、、、 y association experiments, the intensity of these phenomena can be directly determined by a time rec-ord, and the same thing is possible also in the case of an unre-stricted psychological procedure, when, watch in hand, we can easily determine the value intensity from the time taken by the patient to speak about certain things. It might be objected that patients very often waste the better part of their time talking about irrelevancies in order to evade the main issue, but that only shows how much more important these so-called irrele-vancies are to them. The observer must guard against arbitrary judgments that explain the real interests of the patient as irrelevant, in accordance with some subjective, theoretical assumption of the analyst's. In determining values, he must hold strictly to objective criteria. 如同我在我的联想的试验里显示，这些现象的张力能够直接地被决定，由时间的记录。这个某件东西也是可能的，在一个没有受到限制的心理的程序的案例里。当手里戴着手表，我们能够容易地决定这个价值的张力，根据病人採用的时间，来谈论某些事情。有人反对说，病人经常浪费他们的时间的较佳部分，来谈论不相干的事情，为了逃避主要的问题。但是那仅显示，对于他们，这些所谓的不相干的事情是多么的更加重要。观察者必须防卫，不要从事任意的判断，来解释病人的真实的興趣，作诗不相干。以符合精神分析家的某个主观的理论的假设。当他决定这些价值时，他必须严格地坚持客观的标准。 Thus, if patient wastes hours complaining about her servants instead of coming to the main conflict, which may have been gauged quite correctly by the analyst, this only means that the servant-complex has in fact a higher energic value than the still unconscious conflict, which will perhaps reveal itself as the nuclear element only during the further course of treatment, or that the inhibition exercised by the highly valued conscious position keeps the nuclear ele-ment in the unconscious through overcompensation. 因为，假如病人浪费时间抱怨关于她的仆人，而不是谈论主要的冲突。这个主要的冲突，精神分析家可以相当正确地衡量。这仅是意味着，仆人情结，事实上，拥有更高的能源的价值，比起这个依旧是无意识的冲突。它将或许显示它自己，作为是核心的元素，仅有当治疗的更进一步的途径的期间，或具有高度价值的意识的立场运用的压抑，保持核心的元素，在无意识里，通过过度的补偿。 3• In order to determine the intensity of affective phenom¬ena we have objective methods which, while not measuring the quantity of affect, nevertheless permit an estimate. Experimental psychology has furnished us with a number of such methods. Apart from time measurements, which determine the inhibition of the association process rather than the actual affects, we have the following devices in particular: 4、 为了决定情感现象的张力，我们拥有客观的方法。当我们测量情感的数量时，这些客观的方法仍然容许评估。试验的心理学曾经供应我们许多的这些方法。除了时间的测量之外，它决定联想过程的压抑，而不是实际的情感。我们特别拥有以下的策略： (a) the pulse curve; (b) the respiration curve; (c) the psycho-galvanic phenomenon. （a） 脉搏的曲线，22 （b） 流汗曲线，23 （c） 心理与魅力现象 21 [Cf. "The Psychology of Dementia Praecox," pars. 175ff.-EDlTORS.] 13 THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE PSYCHE 24 The easily reCfl::;nizable changes in these curves permit in- ferential estimates to be made concerning the intensity of the ,disturbing cause. It is also possible, as experience has shown to our satisfaction, deliberately to induce affective phenomena in the subject by means of psychological stimuli which one knows to be especially charged with affect for this particular individual in relation to the experimenter.25 这些容易地体认出来的变化，这些曲线里，让推理的凭估能够被形成，关于正在扰乱的原因的张力。这也是可能的，因为试验显示让我们感到满意，刻意地引导主体的情感的现象，凭借心理的刺激。我们知道，心理的刺激特别具有情感的力量，对于这个特殊的个人，跟试验者的关系。 25 Besides these experimental methods we have a highly dif- ferentiated subjective system for recognizing and evaluating affective phenomena in others. There is present in each of us a direct instinct for registering this, which animals also possess in high degree, 'with respect not only to their own species but also to other animals and human beings. ''\le can perceive the slightest emotional fluctuations in others and have a very fine feeling for the quality and quantity of affects in our fellow-men. 除了这些试验的方法外，我们拥有高度差异化的主观的系统，作为体认并评估情感的现象，在别人身上。在我们每个人身上，存在着一个直接的本能，作为铭记这个。动物也高度拥有这个直接的本能。不但关于它们自己的品种，而且关于其他的动物与人类。他能够感知别人身上即使是最轻微的情感的波动，并且拥有精致的感觉，对于在我们同胞身上的情感的品质与数量。 雄伯译 32hsiung@pchome.com.tw http://springhero.wordpress.com