【策马翻译培训】双语---共享单车:盛世还是疯狂?
来自: 天使宝贝儿
Bike-sharing schemes: Flourishing or running riot? 共享单车:盛世还是疯狂? Almost one hundred Chinese cities, from Beijing to Lhasa, now have bike-sharing schemes. The bikes, clad in various colours, have GPS trackers and can be unlocked simply by scanning a barcode on the frame with your phone. Some can even be reserved via a phone app. 从北京到拉萨,共享单车已经走进中国近百座城市。这些五颜六色的共享单车装上了GPS定位系统,用一部智能手机扫一扫车身二维码就可开锁骑走,有些甚至还能用手机预订。 Zhu Dajian, director of the Sustainable Development and Urbanisation Think Tank at Tongji University, told chinadialogue that ten years of efforts to promote public bicycle schemes by the Chinese government had had little effect, yet these new schemes, run by private firms, have taken off in a mere year and have already reduced the number of car journeys and congestion. China may be creating a new model of transportation that could be adopted globally. 同济大学可持续发展与新型城镇化智库主任诸大建告诉中外对话,中国政府花10年时间倡导的公共自行车出行并没有取得显著效果,这一轮完全由私人资本主导的共享单车出行只用了短短1年时间就见成效,减少了小汽车出行和交通拥堵,中国有望为世界探索出一条全新的交通出行模式。 Rapid investment has seen the number of bikes on the road rocket and spread over the course of the year. But this has also caused problems. Bikes are often parked haphazardly and infringe on urban spaces, while the manufacturing of the bikes is causing pollution. 但由于资本的急剧扩张使得共享单车数量及其规模1年之内呈爆发式增长态势,所引发的过度投放、乱停乱放、无序侵占城市公共空间,生产环节的环境污染等一系列问题骤然显现。 Green travel? A number of bike-sharing firms have recently published data which, they claim, shows the schemes provide urban residents with a convenient and low-carbon travel option. 绿色出行? 近期,几家共享单车公司纷纷晒出数据,宣称共享单车帮助市民实现了便捷、低碳的绿色出行。 In April, Mobike, known for its red livery and the first of the new bike-sharing schemes, worked with the Tsinghua Urban Planning and Design Institute to produce the first report on the impact of bike-sharing schemes. According to that report the total number of car journeys in the 50 cities in which Mobike operates fell by 3% since the scheme launched in 2016 (in Shanghai in April and in Beijing in September). In Beijing, 44% of the company’s bikes are used near subway stations; in Shanghai, the figure is 51%. 4月份,共享单车首创者“小红车”即摩拜(mobike)公司与智库清华同衡规划设计研究院合作,发布了市面上第一份关于共享单车影响力的报告。报告认为,共享单车出现后,在摩拜投放单车的50座城市中,小汽车出行占总出行量的比例下降超过3%。在共享单车功能使用方面,北京44%的共享单车活跃在地铁站周边,上海则高达51%。 Mobike users travelled an incredible 2.5 billion kilometres in total in one year, saving the equivalent annual emissions of 170,000 cars. These figures were based on Mobike’s user data and 100,000 survey responses. Shortly afterwards Ofo, Mobike’s biggest competitor (its bikes are yellow) and up-and-comer Bluegogo (its bikes are blue) published their travel data from the first quarter of 2017. 报告甚至说,在不到一年的时间里,全国摩拜用户累计骑行总距离超过25亿多公里,相当于减少17万辆小汽车一年的出行碳排放。这份报告的数据来源于摩拜的用户资料和10万份问卷。 随后,摩拜的最大竞争对手,俗称“小黄车”的ofo公司和后起之秀“小蓝”单车(bluegogo)也发布了2017年第一季度共享单车交通数据。 As with Mobike, Bluegogo’s report showed a clear drop in short car journeys when its bikes became available. In Beijing, journeys of less than five kilometres fell by 3.8%, and in Shanghai by 3.2%. In fact, 90% of bike-sharing trips are less than five kilometres. The arrival of bike-sharing schemes also saw congestion drop by 7.4% in Beijing, and by 4.1% and 6.8% in Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Contributors to the report included Gaode Maps and research from the China Academy of Transportation Science. 和摩拜的报告相似,来自bluegogo的报告同样显示,共享单车出现后,短途驾车明显减少。以北京为例,5公里以下驾车出行量减少3.8%,上海则减少3.2%,而共享单车出行90%以上集中在5公里以内这个距离。此外,北京在共享单车上线后的拥堵程度比上线前的拥堵程度下降7.4%,广州、深圳分别下降4.1%和6.8%。这份报告的参与者包括高德地图和交通部科学研究院等权威机构。 Although the competing companies may be overstating their data, Zhu Dajian says there is no question that the number of short car journeys has decreased.“In just a year the percentage of bike journeys has gone from single figures to double digits,” says Zhu. 尽管企业发布的数据可能会因为行业竞争的因素而出现夸大,但诸大建认为,减少小汽车出行这是不争的事实。他表示:“仅一年时间,自行车出行从个位数的点恢复到10几个点。” Daizong Liu, China transport programme director at the World Resources Institute (WRI), told chinadialogue that although the WRI does not currently have data on bike sharing, the use of these bikes in Chinese cities is already at phenomenal levels. “You can tell just by looking at the number of people riding these bikes that the number of car journeys must have fallen,” he says. 世界资源研究所(WRI)中国交通项目主任刘岱宗告诉中外对话,尽管WRI目前还没有掌握共享单车出行数据,但大量使用共享单车在中国城市已经成为现象级的出行方式。“从马路上看到有这么多人骑共享单车就可以推断,小汽车出行肯定是在减少”。 Running riot While urban residents may now find getting about the city easier, the rapid expansion has not been without problems. The bikes can be left and collected from anywhere in the city which is causing headaches for municipal authorities. 疯狂增长 在给市民出行带来便利的同时,夹杂的是快速成长中的烦恼。取用和停放自由的共享单车正在给城市管理带来麻烦。 Media reports from Shenzhen told of over ten thousand bikes “invading” a beach during a recent public holiday, with an entire road taken over by parked bikes. 在深圳,多家媒体报道,清明节期间,万余辆共享单车“攻陷”深圳湾公园的海滩,观光道一路停满了共享单车。 There have been similar scenes in Hangzhou. Wu Weiqiang, a professor at Zhejiang University of Technology, said in a research article that if the four bike-sharing firms working in Hangzhou continue to expand at current rates, they will have almost 330,000 bikes in the city by the end of year, adding to the tens of thousands already present as part of a separate government scheme.This will mean the market in Hangzhou, which has a permanent population of nine million, will be saturated. 同样的状况也发生在杭州。浙江工业大学吴伟强教授在一份研究中提出,以现在杭州四家共享单车企业的发展速度,今年年底杭州共享单车就将达到近33万辆,加上此前政府投放的数万辆公共自行车,以杭州900万的常住人口规模,到今年年底自行车就将超饱和。 According to a China Central Television report there are currently twenty bike-sharing schemes competing in Beijing, with almost one million bikes. Zhou Zhengyu, head of the city’s transportation commission, said at an event marking Beijing’s Bicycle Day in April that the city has 700,000 shared bikes. It is as yet unknown if this is too many for a population of 20 million, as there are no authoritative figures on how often bikes are used. According to the Beijing Youth Daily the Xicheng district of Beijing has banned people from leaving shared bikes on ten major roads. 在北京,据中央电视台报道,目前已有20多个共享单车品牌在此竞争,规模近百万辆。北京市交通委员会主任周正宇4月份在北京自行车日活动中说,目前北京市有70万辆共享单车。这对于常住人口2000多万的北京是否过剩还无从得知,因为共享单车的使用率数据目前还没有权威统计。北京青年报报道,北京市西城区已经禁止在该区10条大街上停放共享单车。 Nie Riming, a researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Finance and Law, thinks that the rise of shared bikes is in large part caused by failures of urban and transportation planning.“Government-led public transport can’t meet [people’s] needs, so shared bikes have become popular. The market is filling a gap, and the government should look at how to improve, rather than just worry about badly parked bikes or excessive numbers.” 上海金融与法律研究院研究员聂日明认为,中国共享单车潮的出现,很大程度上是城市规划与交通规划的失败导致的。“政府主导的公共交通不能满足需求,才有了共享单车的流行。市场补了缺口,政府首先想到的应该是改善环境,而不应该只看到他们的乱停车、数量太多等负面影响。” “There’s also a lack of standards for where bikes can be left, or any barriers to entry to the market, meaning a disorderly market,” said Liu Daizong. “Shared bikes have developed rapidly and the government is bound to need time to react and to research appropriate policies – but I’m sure the authorities have acquired experience through regulation of the ride-sharing sector, which will allow for more effective management of shared bikes.” “再加上对投放共享单车的标准缺失,对投放企业缺乏门槛,导致目前出现共享单车无序发展。”刘岱宗说,“对于共享单车这一新生事物的飞速发展,政府部门肯定需要反应时间以开展相关研究对策,但是相信交通运输部通过应对网约车的政策制定过程中所积累的经验,,能够更有效地应用在共享单车的管理中来。” Liu added that citizens have a right to choose how they use the roads, and as more and more people take to shared bikes the model of urban transportation management – currently built around cars – will inevitably change. 同时他也认为,路权是由市民争取而来,当越来越多的人使用共享单车出行,以小汽车出行为主的城市交通管理模式也必然会发生改变。 Zhou Dajiang told chinadialogue that “behind the over-expansion of the various bike-sharing schemes lies excessive competition between companies.” According to one report, Ofo and Mobike have received a number of rounds of funding, with investments of up to three billion yuan. The companies are aiming to snap up market share by rapid expansion. 诸大建告诉中外对话:“五颜六色过度发展的共享单车后面,是资本的的过度竞争。” 有报道称,ofo和摩拜分别已经获得8轮,多达30多亿元的融资。为占领市场份额,疯狂扩张成为共享单车公司的选择。 In April, Mobike announced it had put a total of 3.65 million bikes on the road and was manufacturing 100,000 more a day – 45% of the global total. Ofo says it will have 10 million bikes available by the end of the year. 4 月,摩拜宣布已累计投放超过 365 万辆,单日产能超过 10 万辆,占全球自行车单日产能的 45%。ofo称今年年底总投放量将达到1000万辆。 Environmental worries The bicycle is a zero-emission form of transport. But the sharp increase in the manufacturing of bicycles is causing environmental problems. 环境隐忧 单车是零排放的出行方式。但共享单车导致的自行车产量暴增,使得生产过程中的环境问题引起关注。 An environmental NGO, the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs (IPE), has found that some makers of these bikes, such as Fuji-ta, one of Tianjin’s biggest bicycle manufacturers, are getting such large orders from Ofo that they are running at full capacity and failing to take environmental issues into account. Some facilities have failed to upgrade waste gas treatment facilities, or have failed environmental protection checks. The manufacturer of magnesium alloy wheel hubs for Mobike has a poor environmental record – it has directly released dust and toxic substances into the air. 环保组织公众环境研究中心(IPE)调查发现,一些共享单车生产商比如富士达,因得到ofo的大宗订单,生产线满负荷运转而难以兼顾环境问题,有些项目未及时更新改造废气治理设施,甚至未办理环保验收手续。而富士达是天津自行车制造行业支柱企业之一。摩拜的镁合金轮毂生产商也存在不良污染记录,比如直接向大气排放粉尘以及含有毒物质的气体。 Ding Shanshan, head of the IPE’s green supply chains project, told chinadialogue that they have found breaches of rules, such as the construction of factories before approvals have been given. “The bike-sharing companies are rushing to get market share and have a huge demand for bikes. If they want to get a certain number of bikes onto the streets of a certain city in the next week, the manufacturer has to work overtime and add extra production lines – and there’s no time to install environmental equipment or carry out environmental assessments.” IPE绿色供应链项目经理丁杉杉告诉中外对话,他们在调研中发现供应商在生产过程中存在的未批先建等违规问题,“主要是由于共享单车公司急于扩张市场,需求量非常大。比如一周之内要在某个城市投放多少辆车,生产商就需要加班加点扩张生产线,而来不及上环保设施或者做环评。” 据知名国产自行车品牌飞鸽工作人员介绍,有了共享单车订单,在通常的年度生产淡季,企业的生产线却始终停不下来,还加派了人手、扩大了产能,月产量已经从10万台急剧增加到40万台。 An employee with Flying Pigeon, a well-known Chinese bicycle brand, said that bike-sharing orders mean that production lines are working at full capacity even in traditionally quiet times of the year, with extra staff taken on and output expanded. Monthly output has risen from 100,000 bikes to 400,000. 5月10日和26日,IPE分别邮件致信两家共享单车品牌,提醒他们关注自行车生产环节的环境负荷,推动问题供应商做出整改和公开说明,并建立供应商环境管理体系。但丁杉杉说,截至目前,ofo和摩拜单车尚未作出任何回复。 On May 10th and 26th, IPE wrote to two bike-sharing firms, asking them to consider the environmental damage the manufacture of their bikes might be having, to encourage problematic suppliers to make improvements and offer public explanations, and to build supplier management systems. But Ding Shanshan said neither Mobike or Ofo have responded. 绿色和平的调查也发现,为节省成本,ofo用于“智能锁”的是一次性电池,这将会对环境造成破坏。 A Greenpeace study found that Ofo uses disposable batteries in its smart locks, in order to save money. But this will be harmful for the environment. Encouraging norms The Chinese government has already expressed support for the bike-sharing sector. When soliciting opinions on rules for bike-sharing, the Ministry of Transport said that internet-based bike rental schemes are to be encouraged to develop and improve service levels, so these bikes will help improve urban transportation and reduce emissions from transportation. However, it is still unclear what actual rules will be applied. 政府:鼓励加规范 中国政府已经公开表明对共享单车的积极态度。交通运输部正在公开征求意见的一份共享单车管理办法明确指出,要鼓励互联网租赁自行车发展,提升其服务水平,让共享单车实现优化城市交通,降低交通部门碳排放的功能。但具体如何规范目前还未可知。 Zhu Dajian says that the problems arising in the sector cannot be solved by the companies alone and that government, the firms and consumers need to work together. He says that these schemes, invented in China, have created a new model for the urban public bicycle. Earlier schemes in Europe required bikes to be returned to fixed stations – but the Chinese version is smarter and bikes can be left anywhere. Also, this is a new model for market provision of public services. 诸大建认为,对于共享单车所暴露出来的问题,显然不能靠企业自己解决,需要政府、企业、消费者三方合作。 他认为,在中国本土出现的共享单车开创了新的城市公共自行车模式:之前发源于欧洲的公共自行车都配有停车桩,现在中国出现的共享单车不仅是无桩、智能化的,而且是市场化提供公共服务的一种新模式。 But he also pointed out that the market is approaching saturation in major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the next step will be to limit bike numbers and increase frequency of use. Zhu admits that the government will need a new approach to deal with this phenomenon. But if bike sharing can grow soundly and replace an urban transportation model based around the car, the entire world will benefit from China’s example. 但他也指出,北上广深等中国大城市的共享单车目前的投放规模已经接近饱和,接下去的重点应该是控制数量提高单车分享率。诸大建坦言,共享单车是新生事物,政府需要新的治理思维,但如果能够健康发展,替代小汽车出行为主导的城市交通模式,共享单车将是中国对世界的一个贡献。 If bike sharing can replace an urban transportation model based around the car, the entire world will benefit China’s bike-sharing firms are already working on international expansion. Ofo has 30 million users across China, Singapore and the US. Mobike says it is at work in over fifty cities in China and aboard, and will cover 100 around the world by the end of the year. The bike sharing revolution is already breaking out of China’s cities and going global. 中国的共享单车公司已经准备好进军国际市场。Ofo在中国、新加坡和美国已拥有3000多万用户。摩拜公司称,已进入国内外 50 多个城市,今年计划覆盖全球 100 个城市。 来自互联网,由策马翻译培训收集整理。
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