The Road to Serfdom

　　In the last years of World War II, Friedrich Hayek wrote The Road to Serfdom. He warned the allies that policy proposals which were being canvassed for the post-war world ran the risk of destroying the very freedom for which they were fighting. On the basis of 'as in war, so in peace', economists and others were arguing that the government should plan all economic activity. Suc... (展开全部) 　　In the last years of World War II, Friedrich Hayek wrote The Road to Serfdom. He warned the allies that policy proposals which were being canvassed for the post-war world ran the risk of destroying the very freedom for which they were fighting. On the basis of 'as in war, so in peace', economists and others were arguing that the government should plan all economic activity. Such planning, Hayek argued, would be incompatible with liberty, and had been at the very heart of the movements that had established both communism and Nazism.
　　
　　On its publication in 1944, the book caused a sensation. Neither its British nor its American publisher could keep up with demand, owing to wartime paper rationing. Then, in 1945, Reader's Digest published The Road to Serfdom as the condensed book in its April edition. For the first and still the only time, the condensed book was placed at the front of the magazine instead of the back. Hayek found himself a celebrity, addressing a mass market.
　　
　　The condensed edition was republished for the first time by the IEA in 1999 and has been reissued to meet the continuing demand for its enduringly relevant and accessible message.　　

　　弗里德里希·奥古斯特·冯·哈耶克是20世纪西方著名的经济学家和政治哲学家，当代新自由主义思潮的代表人物，原籍奥地利，后于1931年迁居英国并于1938年获得英国国籍。他一生从事教学和著述，自本世纪20年代以来，先后执教于奥地利维也纳大学、英国伦敦经济学院、美国芝加哥大学和西德弗莱堡大学等著名学府，主要著作有《货币理论和商业盛衰周期性》（Monetary Theory and the Trade Cycle，1928？）、《价格与生产》（Prices and Production，1931）、《货币民族主义与国际稳定》（Monetary Nationalism and International Stability，1937）、《利润、利息和投资》（Profits，Interest and Investment，1939）、《资本的纯理论》（The Pure Theory of Capital，1941）、《通往奴役之路》（The Road to Serfdom，1944）、《个人主义与经济秩序》（Individualism and Economic Order，1948）、《约翰・斯图尔特・穆勒和哈里特・泰勒》（John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor，1951）、《科学的反革命》（The Counter－Revolution of Science，1952）、《感觉的秩序》（The Sensory Order，1952）、《自由宪章》（The Constitution of Liberty，1960）和《法律、立法和自由》（Law、Legislation and Liberty，1973-1979）等。1974年，鉴于哈耶克“在经济学界自亚当・斯密以来最受人尊重的道德哲学家和政治经济学家至高无上的地位”，他和冈纳・缪尔达尔（Cunnar Myrdal）一起获得诺贝尔经济学奖。
　　哈耶克享有巨大的世界性声誉，然而，他的这种声誉却是随着时代倾向的变化经历了几起几落之后才得以确立的。作为30年代奥地利经济周期理论的杰出倡导者，他在关于凯恩斯《货币论》（1920）的论战中败下阵来，从此，他丧失了一流经济学家的地位。但这一经历却使他转向政治哲学、法律理论和思想史的研究，并在这些领域取得极大的成就，他作为一个“自由意志论者”名声又传播起来，其影响远远超出经济学领域，成为一名不容忽视的大思想家。不过，作为一名伟大的经济学家，其地位却是晚至70年代之后才得以恢复的。当时，凯恩斯主义在西方国家走向低潮，福利国家政策实践的结果令人反感，在这种情况下，作为凯恩斯主义坚定的反对者，哈耶克自然应运再起，他的经济学说也再度引起人们的重视。1974年哈耶克荣获诺贝尔经济学奖，就是以此为背景。此后，哈耶克无论是作为经济学家，还是作为政治哲学家，都一直处于一生中最辉煌的地位，而且他的新自由主义观点对西方思想界的影响也越来越大。在美国，他成为正在兴起的“公民拥有充分自由权”运动的领袖；在英国，连公认最保守的撒切尔夫人也自称是哈耶克的信徒。

改变你的视野	来自wyjorange		2008-11-10
改变你的视野	来自wyjorange		2008-11-09