wikipedia维基百科中的gay词条

Gay From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia维基百科，自由的百科全书 This article is about "gay" as a term.本文是关于“同性恋”作为一个词。 For homosexuality, see Homosexuality .对于同性恋，见同性恋 。 For other uses, see Gay (disambiguation) .作其他用途，请盖伊（消歧义）。 The term gay was originally used, until well into the mid-20th century, primarily to refer to feelings of being "carefree", "happy", or "bright and showy"; it had also come to acquire some connotations of "immorality" as early as 1637. [ 1 ] 同性恋一词是最初使用，一直延续到20世纪中期，主要指的是“无忧无虑的”感情“幸福”或“明亮，华丽的”，它也来到收购“不道德的一些内涵”如1637年初。[1] The term later began to be used in reference to homosexuality , in particular, from the early 20th century, a usage that may have dated prior to the 19th century. [ 1 ] In modern English , gay has come to be used as an adjective , and occasionally as a noun , that refers to the people , practices , and culture associated with homosexuality. 后来这个词开始在提及同性恋使用，特别是从20世纪初，一个可能给前19世纪的使用。[1]在现代英语 ， 同性恋已到作为形容词使用，偶尔作为一个名词 ，是指人民 ， 实践 ，并与同性恋相关的文化 。 By the end of the 20th century the word gay was recommended by major style guides to describe people attracted to members of the same sex. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] At about the same time, a new, pejorative use became prevalent in some parts of the world. 到20世纪结束同性恋一词，建议主要风格指南描述吸引到同一性别的人。[2] [3]大约在同一时间，一个新的，贬义的使用成为一些地区流行世界。 In the Anglosphere , this connotation, among younger generations of speakers, has a derisive meaning equivalent to rubbish or stupid (as in "That's so gay."). 在盎格鲁势力范围 ，这个内涵，发言者之间的年轻一代，有一个嘲讽的意思相当于或愚蠢的垃圾 （如“这是如此快乐。”）。 In this use the word does not mean "homosexual", so that it can be used, for example, of an inanimate object or abstract concept of which one disapproves, but the extent to which it still retains connotations of homosexuality has been debated. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] 在此使用这个词并不意味着“同性恋”，以便它可以使用，例如，一个没有生命的物体或抽象的概念，其中之一不赞成，但在何种程度上仍然保留着同性恋已辩论的内涵。[ 4] [5] Contents目录 [hide] 1 History 1 历史 1.1 Overview 1.1 概述 1.2 Sexualization 1.2 性传播疾病 1.3 Shift to "homosexual" 1.3 转向“同性恋” 2 Homosexuality 2 同性恋 2.1 Sexual orientation, identity, behaviour 2.1 性取向，身份，行为 2.1.1 Terminology 2.1.1 术语 2.2 Gay community 2.2 同性恋社区 2.3 Cultural relativity of the term 2.3 文化的相对性术语 2.4 Descriptor 2.4 描述 2.5 Use as noun 2.5 使用的名词 3 Generalized pejorative use 3 广义贬义使用 3.1 Usage in other language 3.1 使用的其他语言 4 Given name 4 给定名称 5 See also 5 参见 6 Notes 6 备注 7 Further reading 7 进一步阅读 8 External links 8 外部链接 History 历史 Overview 概览 Cartoon from Punch magazine in 1857 illustrating the use of "gay" as a euphemism for being a prostitute.卡通说明在1857年作为一个委婉的说法是妓女的“同性恋使用”从冲床杂志 。 One woman says to the other (who looks glum), "How long have you been gay?"一名妇女说，其他（谁看上去闷闷不乐），“你多长时间了同性恋？” The poster on the wall is for La Traviata , an opera about a courtesan.挂在墙上的海报是茶花女 ，一个妓女的歌剧。 The word "gay" arrived in English during the 12th century from Old French gai , most likely deriving ultimately from a Germanic source. [ 1 ] For most of its life in English, the word's primary meaning was "joyful", "carefree", "bright and showy", and the word was very commonly used with this meaning in speech and literature.单词“同性恋”在英国期间运抵从旧法 改 12世纪，最有可能源于一日耳曼源最终。[1]就在英国生活的大部分时间，词的主要意思是“快乐”，“无忧无虑”， “明亮的华丽”，而这个词是非常普遍的这个讲话和文学的意义使用。 For example, the optimistic 1890s are still often referred to as the Gay Nineties .例如， 乐观 ，19世纪90年代仍常常被称为盖伊90年代 。 The title of the 1938 French ballet Ga?té Parisienne ("Parisian Gaiety"), which became the 1941 Warner Brothers movie, The Gay Parisian [ 6 ] , also illustrates this connotation. 1938年的法国芭蕾舞 盖特佐以标题（“巴黎的欢乐”），成为1941年华纳兄弟电影， 巴黎的同性恋 [6]，也说明了这一点内涵。 It was apparently not until the 20th century that the word began to be used to mean specifically "homosexual", although it had earlier acquired sexual connotations. [ 1 ]这显然不是直到20世纪，这个词开始被用来指专门“同性恋”，但他们早些时候收购性的内涵。[1] The derived abstract noun gaiety remains largely free of sexual connotations, although it has in the past been used in the names of places of entertainment; for example WB Yeats heard Oscar Wilde lecture at the Gaiety Theatre in Dublin. [ 7 ]派生抽象名词欢乐在很大程度上仍然免费性内涵，尽管它过去一直在对娱乐场所的名称中使用，例如听到叶慈在都柏林的欢乐剧场奥斯卡王尔德的演讲。[7已经] Sexualization 性化 The word had started to acquire associations of immorality by 1637 [ 1 ] and was used in the late 17th century with the meaning "addicted to pleasures and dissipations." [ 8 ] This was by extension from the primary meaning of "carefree": implying "uninhibited by moral constraints."这个词已经开始取得了1637年的不道德协会[1]，并在后期的快乐和沉迷于放荡的意思是“17世纪的使用。”[8]这是从主要含义扩展名为“乐天”：暗示“不羁的道德约束。” A gay woman was a prostitute , a gay man a womanizer and a gay house a brothel . [ 1 ]甲女同性恋是一个妓女 ，一个同性恋男子玩弄女人和一个同性恋房子 妓院 。[1] The use of gay to mean "homosexual" was in origin merely an extension of the word's sexualised connotation of "carefree and uninhibited", which implied a willingness to disregard conventional or respectable sexual mores. 使用的同性恋是指“同性恋”的起源只是一个字的“豪迈，豪放”，这意味着愿意无视传统或性感尊敬的性道德内涵的延伸。 Such usage is documented as early as the 1920s, and there is evidence for it before the 20th century, [ 1 ] although it was initially more commonly used to imply heterosexually unconstrained lifestyles, as in the once-common phrase "gay Lothario", [ 9 ] or in the title of the book and film The Gay Falcon (1941), which concerns a womanizing detective whose first name is "Gay." 这种用法是一样的记载20世纪20年代早期，而且在20世纪之前，它的证据，[1]虽然最初更常用的暗示异性不受约束的生活方式，在一度流行的话“同性恋罗塔里的”，[ 9]，或在本书和电影的同性恋猎鹰 （1941年），其中涉及一名风流侦探的名字标题是“同性恋”。 Well into the mid 20th century a middle-aged bachelor could be described as "gay", indicating that he was unattached and therefore free, without any implication of homosexuality. 那么到20世纪中叶一中年单身汉可以说是“同性恋”，这表明他是没有亲属的，因此没有任何自由的同性恋暗示。 This usage could apply to women too.这种用法可以适用于妇女了。 The British comic strip Jane was first published in the 1930s and described the adventures of Jane Gay .英国漫画简首次发表在20世纪30年代，并介绍了简盖伊的冒险。 Far from implying homosexuality, it referred to her free-wheeling lifestyle with plenty of boyfriends (while also punning on Lady Jane Grey ).从远东同性恋暗示，它指的是她的自由与丰富的男朋友过网的生活方式（同时也夯实的夫人简格雷 ）。 A passage from Gertrude Stein 's Miss Furr & Miss Skeene (1922) is possibly the first traceable published use of the word to refer to a homosexual relationship.来自格特鲁德斯泰因通过氏小姐弗尔和小姐Skeene（1922年）可能是第一个可追溯公布了用它指的是同性恋关系。 According to Linda Wagner-Martin ( Favored Strangers: Gertrude Stein and her Family (1995)) the portrait, "featured the sly repetition of the word gay, used with sexual intent for one of the first times in linguistic history," and Edmund Wilson (1951, quoted by James Mellow in Charmed Circle (1974)) agreed. [ 10 ] For example:据琳达瓦格纳马丁（ 最惠国待遇的陌生人：格特鲁德斯泰因和她的家庭 （1995））的画像，“特色的同性恋一词与在语言历史上第一个时代性的意图使用”和埃德蒙威尔逊狡猾的重复（1951年，由詹姆斯麦罗引述的小圈子 （1974））表示同意。[10]例如： “ “ They were ...gay, they learned little things that are things in being gay,?...他们是...同性恋，他们了解到，在事情没有事情都是同性恋，... they were quite regularly gay.他们经常是相当同性恋。 ” “ —Gertrude Stein, 1922 -格特鲁德斯泰因，1922 The 1929 musical Bitter Sweet by No?l Coward contains another use of the word in a context that strongly implies homosexuality. 1929年音乐苦甜的诺埃尔考沃德 ，有另外的在一个情况下，强烈暗示同性恋一词的使用。 In the song "Green Carnation", four overdressed, 1890s dandies sing:在歌曲“绿色康乃馨”，四个打扮，19世纪90年代极品唱： “ “ Pretty boys, witty boys,漂亮的男孩，风趣的男孩， You may sneer你可以冷笑 At our disintegration.在我们的解体。 Haughty boys, naughty boys,傲慢的男孩，顽皮的男孩， Dear, dear, dear!亲爱的，亲爱的，亲爱的！ Swooning with affectation...昏过去的做作... And as we are the reason正如我们的原因 For the "Nineties" being gay,对于“90年代”是同性恋， We all wear a green carnation.我们都穿着绿色的康乃馨。 ” “ — Noel Coward , 1929 , Bitter Sweet - 诺埃尔考沃德 ，1929年， 苦甜 The song title alludes to Oscar Wilde , who famously wore a green carnation , and whose homosexuality was well known.这首歌的标题暗示了奥斯卡王尔德 ，谁有名身穿绿色 康乃馨 ，其同性恋是众所周知的。 However, the phrase " gay nineties " was already well-established as an epithet for the decade (a film entitled The Gay Nineties; or, The Unfaithful Husband was released in the same year). 但是，把“ 同性恋20世纪90年代 ”是早已作为成立十年形容词（一部题为同性恋九十年代，或不忠实的丈夫在同一年释放）。 The song also drew on familiar satires on Wilde and Aestheticism dating back to Gilbert and Sullivan 's Patience (1881).这首歌还就王尔德与唯美主义熟悉追溯到吉尔伯特和沙利文讽刺提请氏耐心 （1881年）。 Because of its continuation of these public usages and conventions?– in a mainstream musical?– the precise connotations of the word in this context remain ambiguous.由于其对这些公共惯例和公约的延续-在主流音乐-在这方面词的确切含义仍不清楚。 Through the mid 20th century, the term "gay" commonly referred to "carefree", as illustrated in the Astaire and Rogers film The Gay Divorcee.通过20世纪中叶，这个词“同性恋”，一般称为“无忧无虑”，如阿斯泰尔和罗杰斯电影的同性恋离婚者说明。 Other usages at this date involve some of the same ambiguity as Coward's lyrics. Bringing Up Baby (1938) was the first film to use the word gay in apparent reference to homosexuality.在这个日期的其他用途包括作为懦夫的歌词一样模糊一些。 最多婴儿 （1938） 将是第一部用一词显然指的是同性恋同性恋 。 In a scene where Cary Grant 's clothes have been sent to the cleaners, he must wear a lady's feathery robe.在现场， 加里格兰特氏衣服已被送往清洁工，他必须穿上女装羽毛长袍。 When another character inquires about his clothes, he responds "Because I just went gay...all of a sudden!" [ 11 ] However, since this was a mainstream film at a time when the use of the word to refer to homosexuality would still be unfamiliar to most film-goers, the line can also be interpreted to mean "I just decided to do something frivolous."当另一个字符询问他的衣服，他回答：“因为我刚才在同性恋...突然！”[11]然而，由于这是一次主流电影时，使用这个词来指同性恋则仍然是陌生的电影观众，线条也可以理解为“我决定做一些无聊的。” There is much debate about what Grant meant with the ad-lib (the line was not in the script).有什么意思格兰特与即兴许多争论（行是在没有准备讲稿）。 The word continued to be used with the dominant meaning of "carefree", as evidenced by the title of The Gay Divorcee (1934), a musical film about a heterosexual couple.这个词仍然占主导地位的意思是“无忧无虑”，因为由一个快乐的离婚者 （1934年），是一个异性恋夫妇音乐电影名称使用的证明。 It was originally to be called " The Gay Divorce " after the play on which it was based, but the Hays Office determined that while a divorcee may be gay, it would be unseemly to allow a divorce to appear so.它最初被称为“ 一个快乐的离婚 ”后，它所发挥的基础，但海斯办公室确定，而离婚可能是同性恋者，这将是不适当的，允许离婚，似乎就是这样。 Shift to "homosexual" 转向“同性恋” By the mid-20th century, "gay" was well-established as an antonym for "straight" (which had connotations of respectability), and to refer to the lifestyles of unmarried and/or unattached people.到20世纪中叶，“同性恋”的良好作为反义词“直”成立（其中有体面的内涵），并提及未婚的生活方式和/或无依的人。 Other connotations of frivolousness and showiness in dress ("gay attire") led to association with camp and effeminacy .轻浮和浮夸的其他含义的礼服（“同性恋服”），导致与营地和柔弱协会。 This association no doubt helped the gradual narrowing in scope of the term towards its current dominant meaning, which was at first confined to subcultures. Gay was the preferred term since other terms, such as " queer ", were felt to be derogatory. [ 12 ] " Homosexual " is perceived as excessively clinical, [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] since the sexual orientation now commonly referred to as "homosexuality" was at that time a mental illness diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).该协会帮助无疑在对目前的主要含义，最初只限于亚文化。 盖伊是长期的范围逐渐缩小了，如“ 古怪 ”的首选，因为其他条件来看，被认为是贬义。[12 ]“ 同性恋 ”，被认为是过于临床，[13] [14] [15]因为性取向现在一般称为“同性恋”，以当时在诊断和统计手册精神障碍精神疾病的诊断（帝斯曼）。 In mid-20th century Britain, where male homosexuality was illegal until the Sexual Offences Act 1967 , to openly identify someone as homosexual was considered very offensive and an accusation of serious criminal activity.在20世纪中叶英国，男性同性恋是非法的，直到1967年性犯罪法 ，公开确定为同性恋人被认为是很讨厌的，是严重的犯罪活动的指控。 Additionally, none of the words describing any aspect of homosexuality were considered suitable for polite society.此外，该说明同性恋方面的任何话都被认为是合适的上流社会。 Consequently, a number of euphemisms were used to hint at suspected homosexuality.因此，一个委婉语的一些被用来暗示涉嫌同性恋。 Examples include "sporty" girls and "artistic" boys, [ 16 ] all with the stress deliberately on the otherwise completely innocent adjective.例子包括“运动”女孩和“艺术”的男孩，[16]与上完全无辜的形容词，否则压力故意的。 By 1963, a new sense of the word "gay" was known well enough to be used by Albert Ellis in his book The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Man-Hunting . 1963年，一个字“同性恋”被称为新感觉不够好要使用的阿尔贝埃利斯在他的著作聪明的女人指南万狩猎 。 However, later examples of the original meaning of the word being used in popular culture include the theme song to the 1960–1966 animated TV series The Flintstones , whereby viewers are assured that they will "have a gay old time."然而，这个词的本义后的例子，在流行文化，包括有对1960-1966年的动画电视剧的Flintstones，主题曲，让观众放心，他们将“有老同志的时间。” Similarly, the 1966 Herman's Hermits song " No Milk Today ", which became a Top 10 hit in the UK and a Top 40 hit in the US and included the lyric "No milk today, it was not always so / The company was gay , we had turn night into day." [ 17 ] In June 1967, the headline of the review of the Beatles' Sgt.同样，1966年赫尔曼的隐士歌曲“ 今天没有牛奶 ”，这成为了前10击中了英国和顶部40在美国的打击，包括抒情“今天没有牛奶，但并非总是如此/ 该公司是同性恋 ，我们把午夜的一天。“[17]在1967年6月，在对披头士' 中士审查标题。 Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album in the British daily newspaper The Times stated " The Beatles revive hopes of progress in pop music with their gay new LP ". [ 18 ] Also worth noting is that, as late as 1970, the first episode of The Mary Tyler Moore Show has the demonstrably straight Mary Richards' downstairs neighbour, Phyllis, breezily declaiming that Mary is, at age 30, still "young and gay." 胡椒的孤独之心俱乐部乐队专辑在英国日报泰晤士报指出，“ 披头士乐队的恢复与他们的新唱片同志在流行音乐的进展的希望 。”[18]同样值得一提的是，迟至1970年的第一集玛丽泰勒摩尔秀直有明显玛丽理查兹楼下的邻居，菲莉丝，breezily玛丽是朗诵，30岁的时候仍然是“年轻和同性恋。” There is little doubt that the homosexual sense is a development of the word's traditional meaning, as described above.毫无疑问，认为同性恋意识，是这个词的传统意义上的发展，如上面所述。 It has nevertheless been claimed that "gay" stands for "Good As You", but there is no evidence for this: it is a folk etymology backronym . [ 19 ]它毕竟是声称，“同性恋”的意思是“如你良好”，但没有这方面的证据：这是一个民间词源 backronym。[19] Homosexuality 同性恋 The LGBT Rainbow Flag 彩虹旗的同性恋 Main article: Homosexuality主条目： 同性恋 Sexual orientation 性取向 Orientations取向 Asexual · Bisexual · Heterosexual · Homosexual · Pansexual · Polysexual 无性 · 双性恋 · 异性 · 同性恋 · Pansexual · Polysexual Gender-based alternative concepts基于性别的替代概念 Human female sexuality · Human male sexuality · Intersexuality · Third sex · Two-Spirit 人类女性性行为 · 人类男性性行为 · Intersexuality · 第三性别 · 双精神 Research研究 Biology · Demographics · Environment · Kinsey scale · Klein Grid · Neuroscience · Non-heterosexual · Psychology · Queer studies · Sexology · Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine 生物 · 人口 · 环境 · 赛规模 · 克莱因电网 · 神经 · 非异性 · 心理学 · 酷儿研究 · 性学 · 年表性取向和药品 Non-human animals:非人类的动物： Homosexual behavior in animals ( List ) 动物同性恋行为 （ 名单 ） Category:Sexual orientation 分类：性取向 Sexuality portal 性教育门户 This box: view ? talk ? edit本模板： 查看 ? 讨论 ? 编辑 Sexual orientation, identity, behaviour 性取向，身份，行为 Main articles: Sexual orientation , Sexual identity , and Human sexual behavior主条目： 性倾向 ， 性别身份 ，和人类性行为 See also: Situational sexual behavior另见： 情景性行为 American Psychological Association states that sexual orientation "describes the pattern of sexual attraction, behavior and identity eg homosexual (aka gay , lesbian ), bisexual and heterosexual (aka straight)." 美国心理学协会指出， 性倾向 “描述性吸引力，行为方式和特征，例如同性恋（又名同性恋 ， 女同性恋 ）， 双性恋及异性恋 （又名直）。” "Sexual attraction, behavior and identity may be incongruent. For example, sexual attraction and/or behavior may not necessarily be consistent with identity. Some individuals may identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual without having had any sexual experience. Others have had homosexual experiences but do not consider themselves to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual. Further, sexual orientation falls along a continuum. In other words, someone does not have to be exclusively homosexual or heterosexual, but can feel varying degrees of both. Sexual orientation develops across a person's lifetime-different people realize at different points in their lives that they are heterosexual, bisexual or homosexual." [ 20 ] “性吸引力，行为和身份可能会不一致。例如，性吸引力和/或行为未必是与身份相一致。有些人可能会确定为同性恋或双性恋，而不必有任何性经验的自己。同性 恋有经验，但其他不认为自己是同性恋或双性恋者。此外，性取向沿着连续下降。换句话说，没有人要完全同性恋或异性恋，但可以感受到不同的两个学位。性取向 跨越发展人的一生中，不同的人认识到在生活中的不同点，他们是异性恋，同性恋或双性恋。“[20] According to Rosario, Schrimshaw, Hunter, Braun (2006), "the development of a lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) sexual identity is a complex and often difficult process. Unlike members of other minority groups (eg, ethnic and racial minorities), most LGB individuals are not raised in a community of similar others from whom they learn about their identity and who reinforce and support that identity. Rather, LGB individuals are often raised in communities that are either ignorant of or openly hostile toward homosexuality." [ 21 ]据 罗萨里奥，Schrimshaw，亨特，布朗（2006年），“一个同性恋者，或双性恋（激光制导炸弹）性别认同的发展是一个复杂而艰难的过程往往不像其 他少数群体的成员。（例如，少数民族和少数种族），大部分激光制导炸弹的个人不提出类似的人从他们知道他们的身份，加强和支持谁该标识的社会。相反，激光 制导炸弹人往往在社区不是无知或公开对敌视同性恋的问题。“ [21] The British gay rights activist Peter Tatchell has argued that the term gay is merely a cultural expression which reflects the current status of homosexuality within a given society, and claiming that "Queer, gay, homosexual?... in the long view, they are all just temporary identities. One day, we will not need them at all." [ 22 ]英国同性恋权利活动家彼得塔契尔辩称， 同性恋这个词，只是一个文化表现反映了同性恋在特定的社会现状，并声称“酷儿，同性恋，同性恋就长远来看...，他们都是只是暂时的身份。有一天，我们不需要他们的。“[22] If a person engages in same-sex sexual encounters but does not self-identify as gay, terms such as ' closeted' , 'discreet', or ' bi-curious ' may be applied.如果一个人从事同性性接触，但没有自我认同为同性恋，条款，如' 密谈'，'谨慎'或' 双好奇 '可以适用。 Conversely, a person may identify as gay without engaging in homosexual sex.相反，一个人可以认定为没有在同性恋同性性行为。 Possible choices include identifying as gay socially while choosing to be celibate or while anticipating a first homosexual experience.可能的选择包括确定为同性恋社会在选择是独身主义者或者在预计第一个同性恋的经验。 Further, a bisexual person can also identify as "gay" but others might consider gay and bisexual to be mutually exclusive.此外，一个双性恋人也可以认定为“同性恋”，但其他人可能认为同性恋和双性恋是相互排斥的。 There are some who are drawn to the same-sex, and may not have sex, and also not identify as gay; these could have the term ' asexual ' applied, even though an 'asexual' generally can mean no attraction, and includes heterosexual attraction that is not sufficient to engage in sex, or where the sex act is not desirable, even though titillation may occur.有些谁被吸引到同性，不得有性别，也不能认定为同性恋，这些可能术语' 无性 '适用，即使是'无性'通常意味着没有吸引力，包括异性吸引力是不够的进行性，或在性行为是不可取的，即使可能会出现搔痒。 Terminology 术语 Main article: Terminology of homosexuality主条目： 同性恋术语 Some people reject the term homosexual as an identity-label because they find it too clinical-sounding; they believe it is too focused on physical acts rather than romance or attraction, or too reminiscent of the era when homosexuality was considered a mental illness.有些人拒绝接受作为一个长期的同性恋身份的标签，因为他们找到它的临床冠冕堂皇，他们认为这是不是太浪漫，或吸引，或太多时，同性恋被认为是精神病情怀的物理行为的重点。 Conversely, some people find the term gay to be offensive [ citation needed ] or reject it as an identity-label because they perceive the cultural connotations to be undesirable or because of the negative connotations of the slang usage of the word.相反，有些人觉得这个词同性恋冒犯[ 编辑 ]或拒绝它作为一个身份标签，因为他们认为文化的内涵，是不可取的，或者因为这个词的俚语用法的负面含义。 Style guides, like the following from the Associated Press , call for "gay" over "homosexual:风格指南，如从美联社 ，对“同性恋”要求对以下“同性恋： “ “ Gay: Used to describe men and women attracted to the same sex, though lesbian is the more common term for women.盖伊：用来描述男人和女人吸引到同一性别，虽然同性恋是女性较常见的术语。 Preferred over homosexual except in clinical contexts or references to sexual activity. [ 23 ]优于同性恋在临床情况下，除非性活动或引用。[23] ” “ Gay community 同性恋社区 Part of a series on部分一系列关于 Lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender ( LGBT ) people 同性恋 ， 同性恋 ， 双性恋 ， 变性人 （ 同性恋 ）的人 Sexual orientation 性取向 Homosexuality · Demographics 同性恋 · 人口 Biology · Environment 生物学 · 环境 History 历史 LGBT history · Timeline 同性恋史 · 大事记 Social movements 社会运动 Culture 文化 LGBT community · Coming out 同性恋社区 · 现身 Pride · Slang · Symbols 傲慢 · 俚语 · 标志 Gay village 盖伊村 Rights 权利 Laws around the world 世界各地的法律 Marriage · Union · Adoption 婚姻 · 联盟 · 通过 Military service 兵役 Legal aspects of transsexualism 法律方面的易性癖 Social attitudes 社会态度 Heteronormativity Heteronormativity LGBT stereotypes 同性恋定型 Religion and homosexuality 宗教与同性恋 Religion and transgender 宗教和变性 Prejudice · Violence 偏见 · 暴力 Heterosexism · Homophobia 异性恋 · 恐 Lesbophobia · Biphobia Lesbophobia · Biphobia Monosexism · Transphobia Monosexism · Transphobia Violence against LGBT people 同性恋人的暴力行为 Academic fields and 学术等领域的 Discourse 话语 LGBT/Queer studies 同性恋/酷儿研究 Lesbian feminism 女同志女性主义 Queer theory · Transfeminism 酷儿理论 · Transfeminism Lavender linguistics 薰衣草语言学 LGBT portal 同性恋网站 This box: view ? talk ? edit本模板： 查看 ? 讨论 ? 编辑 Main article: Gay community主条目： 同性恋社区 Just as the word "gay" is sometimes used as a shorthand for the term LGBT , so is "gay community" sometimes a synonym for the "LGBT community."正如词“同性恋有时作为长期同性恋速记用”，因此是“同性恋”有时一个“同性恋社区的代名词。” In other cases, the speaker may be referring only to homosexual men.在其他情况下，发言者可能是指只对男同性恋者。 Some people (including many mainstream American journalists) interpret the phrase "gay community" to mean "the population of LGBT people."一些国家（包括许多主流的美国记者的人）解释短语“同性恋社区”是指“对同性恋人口。” Cultural relativity of the term 文化相对论的任期 The concept of a " gay " identity and the use of the term "gay" itself may not be used or understood the same way in non-Westernised cultures since modes of sexuality may differ from those prevalent in the West. [ 24 ]一个“ 同性恋 ”身份的概念和术语“同性恋使用”本身不得使用或了解性模式，因为在非相同的方式，西化的文化，可能与那些在西方流行。[24] Descriptor 描述 A gay bar in Seattle, United States.阿在西雅图，美国同性恋酒吧 。 The term " gay " can also be used as an adjective to describe things related to homosexuals or things which are part of the said culture .术语“ 同性恋 ”也可以用来作为一个形容词来描述与同性恋者或事物的一部分，这是在说 ， 文化的东西。 For example, while a gay bar is not itself homosexual, using the term " gay " as an adjective to describe the bar indicates that the bar is either homosexually-oriented, caters primarily to a homosexual clientèle, or is otherwise part of homosexual culture.例如，在同性恋酒吧本身不是同性恋，用两个字来形容酒吧术语“ 同性恋 ”表示该栏要么是同性恋为导向，主要面向同性恋者的客户，或以其他方式同性恋文化的一部分。 Using it to describe an object, such as an item of clothing, suggests that it is particularly flamboyant, often on the verge of being gaudy and garish.使用诸如一件衣服，用来描述一个对象，表明它是特别华丽，濒临往往被华丽和花哨。 This usage pre-dates the association of the term with homosexuality, but has acquired different connotations since the modern usage developed.这种使用前的日期，与同性恋长期的联系，但已取得使用以来，现代发达国家不同的内涵。 Using the term " gay " as an adjective where the meaning is akin to "related to homosexual people, culture, or homosexuality in general" is a widely accepted use of the word.作为一个形容词其中的含义是类似于“与同性恋人，文化，或一般同性恋”一词“ 同性恋 ”是一个词被广泛接受的使用。 By contrast, using " gay " in the pejorative sense, to describe something solely as negative, can cause offense.相比之下，使用“ 同性恋 ”的贬义，形容完全消极的东西，可能会导致进攻。 Use as noun 用作名词 The label " gay " was originally used purely as an adjective ("he is a gay man" or "he is gay").标签“ 同性恋 ”原本是作为一种纯粹的形容词（“他是男同性恋”或“他是同性恋”）。 The term has been in use as a noun with the meaning "homosexual man" since the 1970s, as in "gays are opposed to that policy."一词已作为一个意思是“同性恋男子20世纪70年代以来，”名词的使用，如“同性恋反对这一政策。” Although some dislike this usage, it is common particularly in the names of various organizations such as Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) and Children Of Lesbians And Gays Everywhere (COLAGE).虽然有些不喜欢这种用法，通常在各种团体的名称，特别是如父母，家庭和同性恋的 （普夫拉格）和儿童同性恋的无处不在 （科拉杰） 友 。 It is sometimes used as a singular noun, as in "he is a gay", such as in its use to comic effect by the Little Britain character Dafydd Thomas.它有时被用作单数名词，如“他是同性恋”，如在其使用的喜剧效果的小英字符戴维德托马斯。 Generalized pejorative use 广义贬义使用 When used with a derisive attitude (eg "that was so gay"), the word gay is pejorative .使用时以嘲讽的态度（例如，“是这样的同性恋”）， 同性恋这个词是贬义 。 While retaining its other meanings, it has also acquired "a widespread current usage" amongst young people, as a general term of disparagement. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] This pejorative usage has its origins in the late 1970s.同时保留其其他的意义，同时也获得“一种普遍的年青人的使用情况”，作为一种轻视的总称。[25] [26]这贬义的用法在20世纪70年代末起源。 Beginning in the 1980s and especially in the late 1990s, the usage as a generic insult became common among young people. [ 26 ] 20世纪80年代开始，特别是在90年代末，作为一种通用的侮辱使用不普及的年代年轻人。[26] This usage of the word has been criticized as homophobic .这个词的使用被批评为同性恋 。 A 2006 BBC ruling by the Board of Governors over the use of the word in this context by Chris Moyles on his Radio 1 show, "I do not want that one, it's gay," advises "caution on its use" for this reason:阿2006年英国广播公司的理事会裁决，对这个词在这克里斯莫伊尔斯范围内使用他的第一台节目，“我不希望这样的，它是同性恋，”建议“在其使用原因”警告： “ “ "The word 'gay', in addition to being used to mean 'homosexual' or 'carefree', was often now used to mean 'lame' or 'rubbish'. This is a widespread current usage of the word amongst young people... The word 'gay'?... need not be offensive... or homophobic ... The governors said, however, that Moyles was simply keeping up with developments in English usage. ... The committee... was "familiar with hearing this word in this context." The governors believed that in describing a ring tone as 'gay', the DJ was conveying that he thought it was 'rubbish', rather than 'homosexual'. ... The panel acknowledged however that this use... in a derogatory sense... could cause offence in some listeners, and counselled caution on its use. “这个词'同志'，除了被用来指'同性恋'或'自在'，现在常常用来指'跛'或'垃圾'。这是一个普遍性的年轻人当中..字目前的使用。这个词'同性恋'...不必进攻性或同性恋... ...省长说，然而，莫伊尔斯只是保持在英语用法的发展。... ...该委员会是“熟悉的听觉在这种情况下这个词。“认为，在描述为'一铃声同性恋'的省长，?是传达，他认为这是'垃圾'，而不是'同性恋'。...小组承认，不过，这在贬义使用... ...可能导致一些听众的罪行，并对其使用建议要谨慎行事。 ” “ —BBC Board of Governors, [ 25 ] 英国广播公司理事会，[25] The BBC's ruling was heavily criticised by the Minister for Children, Kevin Brennan , who stated in response that "the casual use of homophobic language by mainstream radio DJs" is: BBC的裁决严厉批评由儿童， 凯文布伦南 ，谁答复说部长说，“同性恋语言的主流临时使用电台的DJ”是： “ “ "too often seen as harmless banter instead of the offensive insult that it really represents. ... To ignore this problem is to collude in it. The blind eye to casual name-calling, looking the other way because it is the easy option, is simply intolerable." “往往被视为而不是进攻性的侮辱，这真的是无害的玩笑。...忽视这个问题是串通它。视而不见的临时名称，电话，寻找其他方式，因为这是容易的选择，简直叫人受不了。“ ” “ —Tony Grew, [ 27 ] -托尼格鲁，[27] Shortly after the Moyles incident a campaign against homophobia was launched in Britain under the slogan "homophobia is gay", playing on the double meaning of the word "gay" in youth culture. [ 28 ]不久后，莫伊尔斯事件对同性恋运动在英国发起，口号是“同性恋是同性恋”，关于这个词的“同性恋的青年文化”双重含义比赛。[28] Look up ghey in Wiktionary , the free dictionary.查一查在维基 贾伊 ，自由的词典。 Usage in other language 在其他语言的使用 The German equivalent for 'gay', "schwul", which is etymologically derived from "schwuel" (hot, humid), also acquired the pejorative meaning within youth culture. [ 29 ]在对' 德国相当于同性恋'，“schwul”，这是词源来自“schwuel”（炎热，潮湿的所得），还收购了在青年文化贬义。[29] Given name 给定名称 The first name Gay is still occasionally encountered, as is the spelling Gaye .第一个名称同性恋仍是偶尔遇到的是拼写盖伊 。 (795th and 1295th most common in the United States, according to the 1990 US census [ 30 ] ). （第795和第一千二百九十五最美国通用，根据1990年美国人口普查[30]）。 It was also used as a male first name.它也可作为一个男性的名字。 The first name of the popular male Irish television presenter Gabriel Byrne was always abbreviated as "Gay", as in the title of his radio show The Gay Byrne Show .在爱尔兰流行的男性电视主持人加布里埃尔拜恩的名字总是缩写为“同性恋”，因为在他的广播节目的冠军盖伊伯恩显示 。 It can also be used as a short form of the female names Gaynell and Gaynor and as a short form of the male names Gaylen and Gaylord .它也可以用来作为短期的女性名字形式Gaynell和Gaynor和作为男性名字缩写形式Gaylen和盖洛德 。 The writer Gay Talese 's name is derived from Gaetano , his grandfather's name.作家盖伊塔利斯 '姓名从加埃塔诺 ，他的祖父的名字派生。 See also 另见 LGBT portal 同性恋网站 Anti-LGBT slogans 反同性恋标语 Gender identity disorder 性别认同障碍 Gay bashing 盖伊扑 Hate speech 仇恨言论 Heterosexism 异性恋 Human Rights Campaign 人权运动 LGBT rights opposition 反对同性恋权利 List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people 名单同性恋或双性恋者 LGBT themes in mythology 同性恋主题的神话 National Gay and Lesbian Task Force 全国同性恋者专责小组 Human male sexuality 人类男性性行为 Religion and sexuality 宗教与性 Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures 倾向和性别认同为基础的文化 Notes 注释 1.^ a b c d e f g "Online Etymology Dictionary" . http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gay . ^ 1 b 荤 ? 位置 f 克 “在线词源字典”。http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gay。 ? 2.^ "GLAAD: AP, New York Times & Washington Post Style" . http://web.archive.org/web/20080108082355/http://www.glaad.org/media/guide/style.php . ^“GLAAD：美联社，纽约时报和华盛顿邮报风格”。http://web.archive.org/web/20080108082355/http://www.glaad.org/media/guide/style.php。 ? 3.^ "APA Style Guide: Avoiding Heterosexual Bias in Language" . http://www.apastyle.org/sexuality.html . ^“阿帕风格指南：避免在语言”。http://www.apastyle.org/sexuality.html异性偏差 。 ? 4.^ "BBC ruling on use of the word gay" . ^“英国广播公司一词的使用裁决同性恋”。 London . http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article671972.ece . 伦敦。http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article671972.ece。 ? 5.^ "Anti-gay abuse seen to pervade US schools" . ^“反同性恋普遍存在滥用看到美国学校”。 Archived from the original on 2007-03-01 . http://web.archive.org/web/20070301145035/http://www.gay.com/news/article.html?2006/04/26/1 . 存档 ， 在对2007年3月1日原 。http://web.archive.org/web/20070301145035/http://www.gay.com/news/article.html?2006/04/26/1。 ? 6.^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0033651/ ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0033651/ 7.^ "Publications" . ^“出版物”。 Oscar Wilde Society. 奥斯卡王尔德协会。 1 November 2008 . http://www.oscarwildesociety.co.uk/publications.html . 2008年11月1日。http://www.oscarwildesociety.co.uk/publications.html。 Retrieved 4 August 2009 . 本站2009年8月4日 。 ? 8.^ Oxford English Dictionary, entry for Gay. ^牛津英语词典，为同性恋项。 9.^ "Bartleby dictionary" . http://www.bartleby.com/81/10549.html . ^“巴托字典”。http://www.bartleby.com/81/10549.html。 ? 10.^ Martha E. Stone, Sept-Oct, 2002. "Who were Miss Furr and Miss Skeene?" , The Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide . ^玛莎大肠杆菌石，9月，2002年10月。“谁是小姐弗尔和吴Skeene？”， 在同性恋审查全世界 。 11.^ "Bringing Up Baby" . http://xroads.virginia.edu/~UG03/comedy/bringingupbaby.html . ^“将高达宝贝”。http://xroads.virginia.edu/～UG03/comedy/bringingupbaby.html。 ? 12.^ "A queer use of an inoffensive little word; Philip Howard". The Times : p.?12. ^“的一个无害的小词奇怪的使用;菲利普霍华德。” 泰晤士报 ：第12页。 Jun 07, 1976. 1976年6月7日。 ? 13.^ "Gay Adjectives vs. Lesbian Nouns" . ^“同性恋与女同性恋名词形容词”。 The New Gay. 新同性恋。 16 September 2008 . http://thenewgay.net/2008/09/gay-adjectives-vs-lesbian-nouns.html . 2008年9月16日。http://thenewgay.net/2008/09/gay-adjectives-vs-lesbian-nouns.html。 Retrieved 4 August 2009 . 本站2009年8月4日 。 ? 14.^ James Martin (November 4, 2000). "The Church and the Homosexual Priest" . ^ 詹姆斯马丁（00年11月4日）。“教会牧师和同性恋”。 America The National Catholic Weekly Magazine . http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=2297 . 美国全国天主教周刊。http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=2297。 Retrieved 4 August 2009 . 本站2009年8月4日 。 ? 15.^ ""AIDS and Gay Catholic Priests: Implications of the Kansas City Star Report"" . http://74.125.95.132/search?q=cache:w9cbQ6FTvXMJ:www.usc.edu/schools/annenberg/asc/projects/soin/enhancingCurricula/J468%2520STDT-%2520KC%2520STAR.pdf+homosexuality+%22overly+clinical%22&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a . ^“，”艾滋病和同性恋天主教神父：意义的堪萨斯城星报报告 “”。http://74.125.95.132/search?q=cache:w9cbQ6FTvXMJ:www.usc.edu/schools/annenberg/asc/projects/soin / enhancingCurricula/J468％2520STDT -％2520KC％2520STAR.pdf同性恋+ + +％22overly临床％22及CD = 2＆hl = zh_CN上与CT = clnk＆冰川=我们与客户= Firefox的1。 ? 16.^ Cocks, HA "'Sporty' Girls and 'Artistic' Boys: Friendship, Illicit Sex, and the British 'Companionship' Advertisement, 1913-1928", Journal of the History of Sexuality - Volume 11, Number 3, July 2002, pp. ^科克斯，房委会“'运动型'女孩和'艺术'男孩：友谊，非法性，和英国'友谊'广告，1913至1928年”， 杂志性历史 - 11卷，第3号，2002年7月，第。 457-482. 457-482。 17.^ "The Lyrics Library - Herman's Hermits - No Milk Today" . http://www.mathematik.uni-ulm.de/paul/lyrics/hermanshermits/nomilk~1.html . ^“的歌词库-赫尔曼的隐士-无乳今天”。http://www.mathematik.uni-ulm.de/paul/lyrics/hermanshermits/nomilk～1.html。 ? 18.^ "The Beatles revive hopes of progress in pop music with their gay new LP" . ^“披头士恢复与他们的新唱片同志在流行音乐发展的希望”。 London . http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article1873296.ece . 伦敦。http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article1873296.ece。 ? 19.^ "Global Oneness Encyclopedia: Gay" . http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Gay_-_Etymology/id/1419120 . ^“全球一体的百科全书：同性恋”。http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Gay_-_Etymology/id/1419120。 ? [ unreliable source? ] [ 不可靠的来源？] 20.^ "Rationale in Support of Pending Resolution:" (PDF) . http://www.aapa.org/clinissues/2007C03.pdf . ^“原则在等待解决支持：”（PDF格式）。http://www.aapa.org/clinissues/2007C03.pdf。 ? 21.^ Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E., Hunter, J., & Braun, L. (2006, February). ^罗萨里奥，米，Schrimshaw，大肠杆菌，亨特，J.，＆布劳恩湖（2006年2月）。 Sexual identity development among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: Consistency and change over time.在同性恋者和双性恋者青年：一致性和变革性认同的发展随着时间的推移。 Journal of Sex Research, 43(1), 46-58.性别研究杂志，43（1），46-58。 Retrieved April 4, 2009, from PsycINFO database.本站2009年4月4日，从PsycINFO数据库。 22.^ "Just a phase" . ^“只要一阶段”。 Guardian Unlimited . http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2006/nov/27/isgayjustaphase . 卫报无限。http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2006/nov/27/isgayjustaphase。 ? 23.^ "GLAAD Media Reference Guide AP, The New York Times & Washington Post Style" . http://www.glaad.org/Page.aspx?pid=380 . ^“GLAAD媒体参考指南美联社，纽约时报和华盛顿邮报风格”。http://www.glaad.org/Page.aspx?pid=380。 ? 24.^ Masculinity for boys: A guide for peer educators; Published by UNESCO, New Delhi, Page: 102, Page: 62 ^阳刚之气的男孩：一个同伴教育指南;由联合国教科文组织，新德里，当前页：102页出版日期：62 25.^ a b "Gay means rubbish, says BBC" . ^ 1 b“同性恋是指垃圾说，英国广播公司”。 London: Times newspaper online . http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article671972.ece . 伦敦：时报在线。http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article671972.ece。 ? 26.^ a b Denise Winterman (18 March 2008). "How 'gay' became children's insult of choice" . ^ 1 b 丹尼斯Winterman（2008年3月18日）。“如何'同志'成为孩子们的选择侮辱”。 BBC News . http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7289390.stm . BBC新闻。http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7289390.stm。 Retrieved 26 May 2008 . 本站2008年5月26日 。 ? 27.^ "BBC's attitude to homophobic language 'damages children'" . ^“英国广播公司的态度 ， 同性恋的语言'损害孩子'”。 Pink News . http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-4862.html . 粉红色的新闻。http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-4862.html。 Retrieved 4 March 2009 . 本站2009年3月4日 。 ? 28.^ "Young Liberal Democrats launch 'homophobia is gay' campaign, Pink News , 2006" . http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-2607.html . ^“年轻的自由民主党推出'同性恋是同性恋'运动， 粉红消息 ，2006”。http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-2607.html。 ? 29.^ Robert Sedlaczek, Roberta Baron: leet & leiwand. ^罗伯特Sedlaczek，罗伯塔男爵： 利特＆leiwand。 Das Lexikon der Jugendsprache , Echomedia, 2006, ISBN 3-901761-49-7 达斯百科词典报Jugendsprache，Echomedia，2006年， 书号3-901761-49-7 30.^ "US Census, Female Names" . http://www.census.gov/genealogy/names/dist.female.first . ^“美国人口普查，女性名字”。http://www.census.gov/genealogy/names/dist.female.first。 ? Further reading 进一步阅读 Leap, William (1995). Beyond the Lavender Lexicon: Authenticity, Imagination, and Appropriation in Lesbian and Gay Language . 飞跃，威廉（1995年）。