法德科学家发现，婴儿的哭声的音调是由母亲的母语决定...

2009-11-10 12:50:26 来自: ai...

Newborns' Cry Melody Is Shaped by Their Native Language
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Birgit Mampe1, Angela D. Friederici2, Anne Christophe3 and Kathleen Wermke1, Corresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author

1Center for Prespeech Development and Developmental Disorders, Department of Orthodontics, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany

2Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

3Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure/CNRS, 75005 Paris, France

Received 20 August 2009;
revised 27 September 2009;
accepted 28 September 2009.
Published online: November 5, 2009.
Available online 5 November 2009.

Summary

Human fetuses are able to memorize auditory stimuli from the external world by the last trimester of pregnancy, with a particular sensitivity to melody contour in both music and language [1], [2] and [3]. Newborns prefer their mother's voice over other voices [4], [5], [6], [7] and [8] and perceive the emotional content of messages conveyed via intonation contours in maternal speech (“motherese”) [9]. Their perceptual preference for the surrounding language [10], [11] and [12] and their ability to distinguish between prosodically different languages [13], [14] and [15] and pitch changes [16] are based on prosodic information, primarily melody. Adult-like processing of pitch intervals allows newborns to appreciate musical melodies and emotional and linguistic prosody [17]. Although prenatal exposure to native-language prosody influences newborns' perception, the surrounding language affects sound production apparently much later [18]. Here, we analyzed the crying patterns of 30 French and 30 German newborns with respect to their melody and intensity contours. The French group preferentially produced cries with a rising melody contour, whereas the German group preferentially produced falling contours. The data show an influence of the surrounding speech prosody on newborns' cry melody, possibly via vocal learning based on biological predispositions.

Author Keywords: SYSNEURO
Article Outline

Results
Discussion
Experimental Procedures

Participants
Cry Recordings
Cry Analysis
Melody Contour Analysis

Acknowledgements
References



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Figure 1. Box-Plot Diagram of the Values tnorm(F0max) and tnorm(Imax)

Distribution of all observed melody and intensity contours in German and French newborns' crying, displayed as box plots of the 25th to 75th percentile, with the solid vertical line inside each box representing the median and the bars outside each box representing the minimum and maximum values. The dashed vertical line represents a symmetric melody arc. The data indicate a preference for either rising (French group) or falling (German group) melodies.

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wow 还没生出来，就先学会怎么用母语哭了。。