【连载】英语日语一起学：日语动词词性变化

2009-11-03 17:50:54 来自: ずっと愛

学习日语的人大部分英语都不好，就像小编，虽说很想学好英语，可是由于日语和英语的冲突性很难成功，那么有没有一种英语日语一起学的好方法呢？可以让这两种语言同时掌握。

下面双儿找的这个英语日语一起学系列教材是很不错的资料，他用浅显易懂的英语来为大家介绍日语，这样你在看的过程中英语水平就提高了，同时每个日语词汇也标有罗马发音，还可以练习你的拼写能力，这样你在打日语的时候就会更加的熟练，另外难懂的英语小编也会将其翻译。你还等什么呢？快来加入我们的英语日语一起学课堂吧~~第一节课是~~日语动词词性变化

verbs are roughly divided into three groups according to their dictionary form (basic form). The basic form of 'Group 1' verbs end with "~ u". The basic form of 'Group 2' verbs end with either "~iru" or "~ eru". 'Group 3' verbs are irregular verbs. There are only two irregular verbs, kuru (to come) and suru (to do).

日语动词的字典型（基本型）可以粗略的分为3类，第一组基本型是以"~ る"结尾，第二组基本型是以"~いる" 或者"~ える".结尾，第三组动词是不规则动词，只有两个，是くる (to come) and する (to do).

Group 1

aruku （歩く） --- to walk　
asobu （遊ぶ） --- to play　
au （会う） --- to meet　
hairu （入る） --- to enter　
hajimaru （始まる） --- to begin　
iku （行く） --- to go　
kaeru （帰る） --- to return　
kakaru （かかる） --- to take
kaku （書く） --- to write
kau （買う） --- to buy　
kiku （聞く） --- to listen　
matsu （待つ） --- to wait　
motsu （持つ） --- to have
narau （習う） --- to learn
nomu （飲む） --- to drink
okuru （送る） --- to send
omou （思う） --- to think
oyogu （泳ぐ） --- to swim
shiru （知る） --- to know　
suwaru （座る） --- to sit　
tatsu （立つ） --- to stand　
tomaru （止まる） --- to stop　
tsuku （着く） --- to arrive　
uru （売る） --- to sell
utau （歌う） --- to sing
wakaru （分かる） --- to understand
warau （笑う） --- to laugh　
yomu （読む） --- to read　

Group 2

kangaeru （考える） --- to think
miru （見る） --- to see; to look
neru （寝る） --- to sleep
oshieru （教える） --- to teach
taberu （食べる） ---　to eat

Group 3

kuru （来る） --- to come　
suru （する） --- to do

来自 http://jp.veduchina.com/html/article/200911/70060.shtml

2009-11-03 17:54:00 迦拉夏

不行，看了就精分……

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2009-11-04 17:10:55 ずっと愛

精分？？啥意思？？

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2009-11-04 17:12:03 ずっと愛

这个是第二课

关于日语动词1：英语日语一起学

One of the characteristics of the Japanese language is that the verb generally comes at the end of the sentence. Since Japanese's sentences often omit the subject, the verb is probably the most important part in understanding the sentence. However, Verbs forms are considered to be difficult to learn. The good news is the system itself is rather simple, as far as memorizing certain rules. Unlike the more complex verb conjugation of other languages, Japanese verbs do not have a different form to indicate the person (first-, second, and third-person), the number (singular and plural), or gender.

日语的一个特征是动词往往在句末出现。由于日语句子经常省略主题，动词可能在理解句子方面发挥最重要的作用。因此，动词形式被认为比较难学。让人庆幸的是就其记忆规则而言，体系本身比较简单。不像其它语言有更多复杂的动词词性变化。另外日语动词在人称，数量，以及性别方面也并不难。

Japanese verbs are roughly divided into three groups according to their dictionary form (basic form).

Group 1: ~ U ending verbs

The basic form of Group 1 verbs end with "~ u". This group is also called Consonant-stem verbs or Godan-doushi (Godan verbs).

hanasu （話す） - to speak
kaku （書く） - to write
kiku （聞く） - to listen
matsu （待つ） - to wait
nomu （飲む） - to drink

Group 2: ~ Iru and ~ Eru ending verbs

The basic form of Group 2 verbs end with either "~iru" or "~ eru". This group is also called Vowel-stem-verbs or Ichidan-doushi (Ichidan verbs).

~ Iru ending verbs

kiru （着る） - to wear
miru （見る） - to see
okiru （起きる） - to get up
oriru （降りる） - to get off
shinjiru （信じる） - to believe
~ Eru ending verbs

akeru （開ける） - to open
ageru （あげる） - to give
deru （出る） - to go out
neru （寝る） - to sleep
taberu （食べる） - to eat

There are some exceptions. The following verbs belong to Group 1, though they end with "~ iru" or "~ eru".

这里有些例外。下面的动词虽然是以"~ いる" or "~える".结尾，却属于“组一”

hairu （入る） - to enter
hashiru （走る） - to run
iru （いる） - to need
kaeru （帰る） - to return
kagiru （限る） - to limit
kiru （切る） - to cut
shaberu （しゃべる） - to chatter
shiru （知る） - to know

Group 3: Irregular verbs

There are only two irregular verbs, kuru (to come) and suru (to do).

The verb "suru" is probably the most often used verb in Japanese. It is used as "to do," "to make," or "to cost". It is also combined with many nouns (of Chinese or Western origin) to make them into verbs. Here are some examples.

benkyousuru （勉強する） - to study
ryokousuru （旅行する） - to travel
yushutsusuru （輸出する） - to export
dansusuru （ダンスする） - to dance
shanpuusuru （シャンプーする） - to shampoo

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2009-11-04 17:19:36 瑶宝贝 (跌入人生谷底仍坚信：Yes,I can.)

好！

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2009-11-04 22:14:08 问题不大 (虎年？糟糕！苛政猛于虎的虎啊！)

英语还好，句子中每个词都隔开的，日语怎么分？

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2009-11-04 22:19:57 Oceans (又何妨)

lz请继续

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2009-11-04 23:18:15 Pe@茶鬼 (任重道远功不唐捐)

哈哈，挺好玩的～楼主加油～

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2009-11-05 14:06:51 ずっと愛

非常感谢大家的支持呵！我会每天更新的

下面是第三课

英语日语一起学：日语动词时态

In this lesson, you will learn how Japanese verbs conjugate. If you are not familiar with verbs yet, read "Japanese Verb Groups" first. Then, learn "The ~te form," which is a very useful form of the Japanese verb.

在这节课中，你会学到日语动词如何变形。如果你对日语动词还不是很熟悉，首先应该读日语动词分类，然后学习"て行,"，这是日语动词中非常有用的形式。

Dictionary Form

The dictionary form (basic form) of all Japanese verbs end with "u". This is the form listed in the dictionary, and is the informal, present affirmative form of the verb. This form is used among close friends and family in informal situations.

词典形

所有日语动词的词典型（基本型）都是以"u"结尾。这是在字典中的表现形式。也是非正式场合，动词的现在肯定式。这种形式在日常生活中被应用在亲密朋友以及家庭成员之间。

The ~ masu Form (Formal Form)

The suffix "~ masu" is added to the dictionary form of the verbs to make sentence polite. Aside from changing the tone, it has no meaning. This form is used in situations required politeness or a degree of formality, and is more appropriate for general use.

ます形

后缀“ます”加在词典形之后使句子变得更有礼貌。除了改变音调之外没有其它意义。这种形式被应用于需要礼貌或者正式的场合，更适于广泛使用。

The ~ masu Form minus "~ masu" is the stem of the verb. The verb stems are useful since many verb suffixes are attached to them.

Present Tense 现在时

Japanese verb forms have two main tenses, the present and the past. There is no future tense. The present tense is used for future and habitual action as well. The informal form of the present tense is the same as the dictionary form. The ~ masu form is used in formal situations.

日语动词有两个主要时态，现在时和过去时。没有将来时。现在时用于将来或者习惯性动作。现在时的非正式形和字典形是一样的，ます形主要应用于正式场合。

Past Tense 过去时

The past tense is used to express actions completed in the past (I saw, I bought etc.) and present perfect tense (I have read, I have done etc.). Forming the informal past tense is simpler for Group 2 verbs, but more complicated for Group 1 verbs. The conjugation of Group 1 verbs varies depending on the consonant of the last syllable on the dictionary form. All Group 2 verbs have the same conjugation pattern.

Present Negative 现在否定式

To make sentence negative, verb endings are changed into negative forms (The ~ nai Form).

使句子否定，动词结尾变成否定形式。

Past Negative 过去否定式

这个中间的都是动词时态的图片，复制不过来，大家自己看吧~~

http://jp.veduchina.com/html/article/200911/70104.shtml

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2009-11-06 17:07:10 ずっと愛

这个是第四课

英语日语一起学：日语动词的て形

The ~ te form is a useful form of the Japanese verb. It does not indicate tense by itself, however it combines with other verb forms to create other tenses. It has many other uses as well. To make the ~ te form, replace the final ~ ta of the informal past tense of the verb with ~ te, and ~ da with ~ de. Learn the ~ te form of the basic verbs.

て形是日语动词中一个有用的形式，它本身不能表示时态，却和其它动词合并构成时态。它还有很多其它有用的用法。l例如用て取代非正式过去时中最后的た、用で取代だ。下面一起学习基本动词的て形。

Here are some examples. 这是几个例子。
nonda （飲んだ） - nonde （飲んで）
tabeta （食べた） - tabete （食べて）
kita （来た） - kite （来て）
Here are some other functions of the ~ te form.

此给出て形的其它用法。

(1) Request: the ~ te form kudasai 表请求てください。

Mite kudasai. （見てください。） - Please look.
Kiite kudasai. （聞いてください。） - Please listen.

(2) The present progressive: the ~ te form iru or imasu (formal) 表现在进行手いるorいます。

Hirugohan o tabete iru. （昼ご飯を食べている。） - I am having lunch.
Terebi o mite imasu. （テレビを見ています。） - I am watching TV.
It is also used to describe a habitual action and a condition.

他也被用于描述习惯性动作或者状态。

(3) Listing successive actions 表连续性动作

It is used to connect two or more verbs. The ~ te form is used after all but the last sentence in a sequence.

它被用于连接两个或者更多的动词。て形一般被方面在后面，当然除了这一系列动作中的最后一个句子。

Hachi-ji ni okite gakkou ni itta. （八時に起きて学校に行った。） - I got up at eight and went to school.
Depaato ni itte kutsu o katta. （デパートに行って靴を買った。） - I went to department store and bought shoes.

(4) Asking permission: the ~ te form mo ii desu ka. 表寻求认可てもいいですか。

Terebi o mite mo ii desu ka. （テレビを見てもいいですか。） - May I watch TV?
Tabako o sutte mo ii desu ka. （タバコを吸ってもいいですか。） - May I smoke?

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2009-11-09 17:23:41 ずっと愛

英语日语一起学：日语形容词的分类

上节课的英语日语一起学栏目中我们一起学习了日语动词的て形，这节课我们要学习的是日语形容词的分类，相对于日语动词来说，本节课还是比较简单的，英语单词也比较简单，小编自己认为翻译的英文也不错，现在一起来学习吧~~英语日语一起学：日语形容词的分类

There are two types of adjectives in Japanese: i-adjectives and na-adjectives. I-adjectives all end in "~ i," though they never end in "~ ei" (e.g. "kirei" is not an i-adjective.)

日语中形容词分为两种：い类形容词和な类形容词。い类形容词都是以"~ い," 结尾，虽然她们从来不以"~ ei"结尾(例子. "きれい" 不是い类形容词.)

Japanese adjectives differ from their English counterparts. Although Japanese adjectives have functions to modify nouns like English adjectives, they also function as verbs when used as predicates. For example, "takai（高い）" in the sentence "takai kuruma （高い車）" means, "expensive". "Takai（高い）" of "kono kuruma wa takai （この車は高い）" means not just "expensive" but "is expensive". When i-adjectives are used as predicates, they may be followed by "~ desu（～です）" to indicate a formal style. "Takai desu （高いです）" also means, "is expensive" but it is more formal than "takai （高い）".

日语形容词不同于英语形容词。虽然日语形容词在修饰名词方面发挥着和英语一样的作用，但是当作为谓语时她们都作为动词来使用。举个例子。在句子"昂贵的汽车"中的 "昂贵" 不仅仅意味着"贵"还有"是贵"的意思。当い类形容词被作为谓语使用的时候，她们可能后面跟着～です来表示正式。"是昂贵的"也意味着 "是贵" 但与"贵"相比则更加正式。.
Here are lists of common i-adjectives and na-adjectives.

下面是い类形容词和な类形容词列表

Common I-Adjectives い类形容词

Common Na-Adjectives な类形容词

图片的过不来自己看吧~~

http://jp.veduchina.com/html/article/200911/70272.shtml

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2009-11-10 16:44:34 ずっと愛

自己顶个！！

http://jp.veduchina.com/

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