二级词汇笔记：》

2009-02-09 12:24:12 来自: 小P

高二上册
unit 1
1:genius n (-es .pl--) 天才
a man of genius 天才
have a genius for music/acting 有音乐/演戏的天才
be a genius in poetry 是写诗歌的天才

2:inspiration n 灵感
v inspire
inspire+名 振奋(人)鼓舞,激励,感动/We were inspired by his speech.我们为他的演说所激励.
inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事
inspire + n +in +n =inspire + n +with+n 引发某人的感情,思想等.激起 /The father inspired confidence in his son.=The father inspired his son with confidence. 那位父亲激发了他儿子的信心.

3:undertake v .(undertook, undetaken) 着手做,从事,承担,答应(=promise )
undertake+n =take on
承担,接受/He undertook the work.他接受了那项工作.
着手,进行/He undertook a new experiment.他着手一项新的实验.
undertake to do =undertake that 保证,担保 /He undertook to finish the work in a week.=He undertook that he would finish the work in a week.他保证在一周内完成这项工作.

4:analysis (pl analyses ) n 分析,分解 chemical analysis 化学分析

5:obvious adj 显然的,明显的 obviously adv 明显地
It is obvious that(=Obviously)he was killed. 很明显地,他是被杀死的.
比apparent 和evident 明白的语气更强
副词obviously 常放在句首用来修饰全句

6:within 介词 范围,距离,时间之内/The train will arrive within an hour/in an hour.火车将在一小时以内/以后到达.
在...这内部 /He still hides himself within the city.他仍藏在市内.
副词 在里面/内部/Decorate the house within and without .这房子里里外外装饰一番.
名词 内部,里面(同inside) /from within 从里面

7:curious adj 好奇的,好求知的,好打听隐私的.
be curious about
be curious to do
be curious wh-
It is curious that 真是奇怪 /It is curious that he should know nothing about the matter.真是奇怪他对此事竟然一无所知.

8:branch n (pl -es) 树枝/Many birds are on the branch.很多的鸟栖息在树枝上.
(河的)支流;(铁路的)支线/The river has a lot of branches.这条河有很多的支流.
分店,分行,分部,分局/The bank has ten branches in the city.这家银行在市内有十家分行.
学问(等)部门,分科/Economics is a branch of science.经济学是科学的一门学科.
branch line 支线
branch office 分店

9:debate n 辩论,争辩/The proposal is under debate.那个提议还在讨论当中.
v debabt with /debate the question with sb 和某人争辩问题
debate +wh- /They are debating whether to increase the price of gasoline.他们正在讨论是否汽油要加价.
debate +adv /We debated on the merits of his plan.我们讨论他计划的优点.
debate 与discuss
debate 主要指公共集会或国会中的辩论,其后可接介词on ,构成debate on/upon 的用法.
discuss为及物动词,不可以加on

10:promising adj 有前途的,有希望的/a promising graduate 一位有前途的大学毕业生

11:work on 从事,忙于做/work on a new novel 忙于写小说
work at 致力于/He is working at English. 他在攻读英语.
work away 不停地工作/Work away at experiments 不停地做实验
work out 算出,制定出/work out a plan for 订出...计划

12:go by 过去,逝去/Many hours went by
go about 着手做/Go about your business.去做你自己的事(不要多管闲事)
go after 追求/He went after fame.他追求名誉.
go against /违反,对...不利
go all out to do 全力以赴去做
go on with sth 继续某种行为

13:engage v 从事
从事做某事 be engaged in doing sth
engage oneself in +n/doing
v 订婚 be/get engaged to sb /She is engaged to Tom.
v 聘用 engage sb as /He engaged me as his secretary.
v 预定 engage a room
v 占用(时间,线路)/The line is engaged(busy).

14:seek v (sought,sought)寻找 (=look for)
seek one＇s fortune 碰运气
seek one＇s advice 征求意见
seek for a solution 寻找解决办法
seek after truth 追求真理
15:turn out (to be )结果是,证明是,原来是(=prove to be ) 两者后面都接形容词或名词作表语 表示出乎意料
It turns out that..../It turns out that his method does not work well.结果是,他的方法不管用.

16:observe v 遵守=obey + traffic rules
v 察觉 = see and notice
observe sb/sth 观察某人/某事
observe that 发觉....
observe sb do sth 表示观察到动作进行的全过程
observe sb doing sth 表示动作正在进行当中

17:match n 火柴,比赛, strike a match 划火柴
n 对手,相配 be no match for /I am no match for you at running.在赛跑方面我不是你的对手.
be a good match for /This tie is a good match for your suit.这条领带正配得上你的西服.
v 与...相配 (=go with )/The tie matches your suit.
v 与...匹敌 match sb in/for No one can match her in tennis .
match up with(to) 和...相配(达到...) /Half the time the words do not match up with the mouths.有一半时间,字音对不上口形.

18:crime n 犯罪 do /commit crime 犯罪

19:what if 倘使....将会怎样 (=What would happen if ....)
--What if we move the picture over there?
--Do you think it will look better ?
即使....又有什么要紧(=What does it matter if ....)
What if you shoul fall sick?
unit 2
1:fire vt 解雇 (反义 hire 雇佣) fire sb for sth
v 开枪 fire a gun at sth 把枪向...瞄准
fire at 射击
vt 燃烧 fire some dry sticks 点燃干柴

2:face vt 面临,面对,(危险,困难)
face danger(difficulties)
face(to) the south 面朝南
be faced with sth.面对...
face to face 面对面

3:reason n 原因,动机/He doesn＇t eat pork for religious reasons.他因宗教上的原因不吃猪肉.
...的理由 reason for /what is the reason for your absence?你为什么缺席呢?
vt/vi. 说服,劝说,推论. reason sbin to V.ing/I reasoned him into accepting the idea.我说服他接受那种观点.
reason 后接定语从句时,关系副词多用why ,后接表语从句时,多用that引导.如:
That is the reason why he did it.(=That is why he did it.)这就是他做那件事的原因.
The reason is that I was angry.理由是我生气了.
4:elect vt 选举,推选
elect sb /They elected him mayor.他们选他当市长
elect sb into /He was elected into(to) the committee/a new leading post.他被选入委员会/新的领导岗位.
elect sb to be/as /He was elected as a member of the executive committee.
elect sb to do /They elected him to repersent them. 他们选他代表他们.

5:go up 上升,上涨/Prices went up.物价上涨.

6:burn down (使)烧成平地,烧毁 (=be destoryed)/The hotel burned down/was burned down.旅店烧毁了.

7:injure vt 受伤，伤害(=hurt)The player was(got) injured in his/the right leg.(The player injured his right leg.) 这选手的右腿受伤.
损害（名誉），伤害（感情)/Her refusal injured his pride.她的拒绝伤了他的自尊心.

8:inform vt 通知，告诉
inform sb
of sth.
that从句
where从句
/I informed his mother of his safe arrival.=I informed his mother that he had safely arrived.我告之他母亲，他已安全到达。
adj. Informed 有知识的，见闻广的


9:switch vt. 转变,改变/Let＇s switch seats.咱们交换座位吧.
n. 开关,转换器/the light switch.电开关
switch on(off) 开(关)/switch on/off the light/the gas.开/关灯/煤气.

10:for once 就这(那)一次

11:present vt. 呈现,描述/The town presented a wretched appearance.这市镇呈现一片凄凉景象.
adj. 现在的,在场的/at the present

12:reflect vt. 反映,表现/The letter reflected her sorrow.那封信显露出她的悲伤.
反射，映出/The hills were reflected in the water.山倒映在水中.
vi. reflect on
考虑，思考/He reflected on the matter.他考虑了这件事.
招致，使蒙受不良影响/Such behavior will only reflect discredit on yourself.那样的行为只会影响到你自己的信誉.
名词 reflection 形容词 reflective

13:effort n. 努力，艰难的尝试/It doesn＇t need much effort.这不需要费太多力气.
make every effort 尽一切努力
without effort 毫不费力地，轻松地
spare on effort to do 不遗余力/The capitalists sapared no effort to prevent the unions from taking this step.资本家们不遗余力阻止工会采取这一步骤.
endeavor 较 effort 为正式，指经过一段期间激烈的努力.
effortless 不须费力的，容易的

14:on all sides 在各方面，到处
from all sides/every side 从各方面/四面八方
by the side/和...比起来

15:fall in love with ...爱上... 表动态
be in love with... 表状态

16:disappoint vt. 使失望，使（计划）受挫/His behavior disappointed me.他的行为令我失望.
对...失望 be disappointed at(in/of/with/about)...
to one＇s disappointed 使某人失望的是...

17:guard n. 守卫,警卫
be off one＇s guard 不提防/He struck me while I was off my guard.他冷不防打了我.

18:arm vt. 武装,用武器装备(-s,用复数形式)
be armed with 武装起来/They were armed with machine guns.他们装备着机关枪.
lay down one＇s arms 放下武器

19:comparison n. 比较,对照
comparison a to b 把a比作b
comparison a with b 比较a 和b

Uint 3
1:design v/n. 设计，构思，计划，谋划
design building/to build a house 打算建房子
a hopeless design 毫无希望的计划
a beautiful design 美丽的图案
by deaign 故意的，蓄意的

2：furniture n. 家具/I had no furniture except the couch.除了长沙发我没有什么家具.
a piece of furniture 一件家具
many pieces/articles of furniture 多件家具
vt. furnish 陈设,供应/furnish one＇s house 布置某人的房间
3:modern adj. 现代的
vt. modernize 使变成现代化
n. modernism 现代主义

4:soap opera 肥皂剧
soap powder 肥皂粉

5:taste n. 味道,味觉/It has sweet(bitter) taste.它有一股甜(苦)味
爱好,兴趣(用于较高尚的爱好)/ She has a taste for(in) painting.她爱好绘画.
鉴赏力(u)/He shows good taste in(for) music.他的音乐鉴赏力很高.
an attrative taste 诱人的味道
to everyone＇s taste 适合各人的口味
in good taste 雅致,(行为)高尚

6:convenient adj. 方便的,便利的/The school is in a convenient place,near my home.学校地点很方便,就在我家附近.
be convenient to/for /If it is convenient to(for) you,please call me at two.方便的话,请于两点给我打电话.
it is convenient for sb to do/It will be convenient for you to come here by bus.你到这儿,乘公共汽车来是很方便的.
convenient 是"使人感到方便"不是自身"感到方便".

7:impress vt. 铭刻,给...极深的印象
be impressed on one＇s mind /memory/His heroic deeds were deeply impressed on my mind(memory). 他的英雄事迹深深印在我的脑海中(给我留下深刻的印象).
ippress sth.on sb 使某人牢记某事
impress sb with sth.
使感动
be impressed by (at,with)/I was deeply (very much) impressed with (by) Lei Feng＇s model deeds.雷锋的模范事迹使我们深受感动.
印,压印
impress... on... /The words "Made in China" are impressed on a metal plate.一块金属板上印着"中国造"的字样.
n. impression 印象/leave/make a good/deep impression on sb给...留下/深刻的印象.

8:unfriendly adj. 不友好的
反:friendly 友好的

9:despite 介词 = in spite of 尽管,不顾
despite 与though /although 的区别是:despite 后不可接从句或形容词、介词短语、动名词、过去分词,只接名词(短语)或代词
eg Although ill,he came.
adj
Despite his illness,he came.
n.
10:bird nest 鸟巢

11:fill up 填充，充满/The rest of the seats filled up quickly.剩下的座位很快都坐满了.
fill up the bottle =fill the bottle up 装满瓶子
fill up my spare time 占掉我的业余时间

12:set... aside 把...置于一旁，留出
区别：set + n.+ aside =set aside +n.
set + 代词 + aside 只有一种形式
aside from... 除了...
lay aside 把...搁在一旁

13:rent n.租金
For rent 《告示》房屋出租
vt.出租
rent sth. from sb 从某人那里租某物来用
rent sth. out/to sb 把某物租出、租给某人

Unit 4
1:have no intention of doing stn.无意做...
with the intention of doing sth.打算做...
have every intention of doing sth. 一心想做...
with the best (of) intentions =meaning to help 打算帮忙

2:intend on/upon sth. 专心，专注，决心做（尤指坏事）
intend to do
intend doing
打算，打算让...做 intend sbto do
intend that shall
intend (should) do
had intended to do, intended to have done 均表未实现的意图(前者比后者通用）

3:go mad 发疯（表动作）
be mad 疯的（表状态）

4:put ...together 把...结合成一整体,装配/Put all these parts together and make something.把所有这些部分组合起来使成为有用的东西.

5:sort n. 种类,类型/All sorts of people were pressent.各阶层的人士都到了.
vt. 分类,整理
sort (through)/He sorted (through) the old cards.他把旧名片加以分类整理.
sort out 挑出,思考/She often went there to sort out the problems.她常常到那里思考她的问题.
out of sorts 情绪不好,闹情绪/Many was out of sorts and wounldn＇t say good morning.玛丽心情不好,"早安"都不说.
a sort of 一种的/It is a sort of insect.那是一种昆虫.
象...一般的人或物/He is a sort of beggar.他状如乞丐.



6:call up 召唤,使人想起/The film calls up my childhood.这部电影使我想起了我的童年.
打电话/Call her up at once.马上给她打电话.

7:absent adj.缺席的
present adj.在席的

8:introduction n. 序言，介绍
make an introduction of new method (oneself)对新方法做介绍（自我介绍）
a letter of introduction 一封介绍信

9:light up 照亮，使放光彩/The classroom was lighted up brightly.教室里灯火通明.
He lighted up a cigarette.他点燃一根香烟
He struck a match.他划着一根火柴.

10:apart 副词
相隔,间距/They planted the trees three metres apart.他们每隔3米种一种树.
离开,分开/The railway station stands apart from the town.火车站坐落在镇外.
拆散/break things apart 将东西拆开来.
除...之外/apart from joking 暂不说笑话

11:recommend vt. 推荐，介绍
recommend sb sth.向某人推荐某物= recommend sth. to sb/Would you recommend a good dictionary to me? ＝ Would you recommend me a good dictionary?你能推荐（介绍）一本好字典给我吗？
vt. 推荐职位
for/He will recommend you for the job. 他将会推荐你担
recommend sb 任那项职务
as /I recommend her as your secretary.我推荐她当你秘书.

vt. 劝某人做某事
to do sth./The doctor recommended me to take a long
recommend sb rest.医生劝我长期休养.
doing sth/I recommend going by subway.我劝你坐地铁去.

that从句(should +动词原形）/The teacher recommended
that we(should) read the novel.老师劝我们读
那部小说.

12:contribute vi. 作出贡献,捐献/His researches contributed greatly to the progress of science.他的研究对科学的进步有很大的贡献.
vt. 捐助
contribute ...to ...(to 后接名词或动词)/He contributed some money to the flood victims.他捐出一些钱来给水灾的难民.
vt. 投稿/The professor contributed an article to the newspaper.这位教授向报社投稿.


Unit 5
1:consist vi. 由...组成,由...什么构成
consist of (同be composed of)/Our team consists of 15 members.我们那一队由十五位选手组成.
寓于,存在
consist in/Happiness consists in good health.幸福寓于健康.

2:state n. (c)状态,情况
be in a bad/good state 比较be in bad/good condition(后者无冠词)情况糟/好
n. 国家 country(我国春秋和战国时代的国,用大写字母起首)/The various classes of the State.该国的不同阶层
the lu State
the State of lu 鲁国
the Warring State 战国
n. 州
vt. 陈述,声明
+n. /She stated her opinion.她说出了她的意见,
state that/I stated that I had nothing to do with the matter.我声明我与
这事无关.
wh-

3:make the most of
make the best of 充分利用/You should make the best use of this chance.你该 好
make full use of 好利用这次机会.

4:general adj. 一般的,总括的(反:special,particular 特殊的)
general principles 通则,总则
a general election 大选
a general strike 总罢工
general speaking 一般来说
adj. 普遍的,大众的
the general opinion 一般人的意见
a matter of general interest 一般人关心的问题
adj. 大体的,概括的(反:specific 明确的)
as a general rule 一般而言,通常/As a general rule, rich men are stingy. 有钱人通常吝啬.
in general 就一般而言,大体上/I speak of the Japanese in general. 我是就一般的日本人而言.

5:influence n.影响,作用/have a good /bad influence on sb对某人有好/不良影响.
vt.对...有作用/The weather influences crops.天气影响农作物.

6:form n.形状，种类/It took the form of a fish.它变成鱼的形状.
vt.形成，构成/The girls formed a line at the door.女孩子们在门口站成一行.
to form a good habit 养成好习惯
to fill out/in a form 填表
form the basis for 构成...的主要组成部分，为...打下基础

7:conquer = get over 克服/How did you conquer the smoking habit？你是如何戒掉抽烟的习惯的？

8:judge sb by/from one＇s appearance 以貌取人
judge sb to be about 50 判断某人大概50岁
judge a case 审理一个案子
a good judge of wine 一位优秀的鉴酒专家

9:employ vt.雇佣，聘请
employ sb (as/to be/to do sth.)/The firm employed these girls as typists.这家公司聘用这些女孩子当打字员.
花费，忙于
employ one＇s time/oneself in /I employed my free time in reading.我利用空余时间时读书.

10:an approach of the problem 一种解决问题的方法
an approach to... 一条通往..的道路
at one＇s approach 当某人渐近时
make approach to sb 亲近某人，博得某人好感
form/present a new approach 提出一个新方法
approach sb on the matter 找某人谈某事
approach the problem with caution 开始认真地考虑问题
eg：National Day is approaching.国庆节就要来了.

Unit 6
1:forcast n./v. 预测，预示/What＇s the weather forcast today?今天的天气预报如何？
make a forcast about sth. 对...进行预报
a weather forcast 天气预报
forcast the weather 预报天气
forcast a change in the situation 预示着形势有所变化.

2:glimpse n.一瞥，一看
catch a glimpse of 瞥见/I caught a glimpse of her in the crowd.我在人群中瞥见了她.
take a glance at 看一看（动作）
catch/get a glimpse of 瞥见了（结果）

3:trend n. 倾向，趋势/The trend of taxes is still upward.税金还有提高的趋势.

the trend of the public opinion 舆论导向
the trend toward materialism 物质主义的趋向
have a trend of 有...的趋势

4:indicate vt.指出，显示/The sign indicate the way to go.这指示指出路向.
+n. /indicate a place on a map.指出地图上的某个位置
indicate that /He indicated that he wanted to do the work.
他表示想做这工作.
where
显示...的征兆/A sore throat indicate a cold.喉痛是感冒的征兆.

5:ensure vt. 确保，保证/Hard work ensures you a success.努力工作必能成功.
担保获得/This letter will ensure you an interview.这封信必能使你获得
接见.
ensure (sb) from/against 保护某人免遭
ensure success /safety/supplies 保证成功/安全/供应

6:reform n./v. 改革,改良,悔改
the reform and open police 改革开放政策
democratic reforms 民主改革
land reform 土地改革
a reform in teaching methods 教学方法的改革
reform oneself 改过自新
reform the outdated rules and regulations 改革过时的规章制度

7:keep in touch with 与...保持联系/Try to keep in touch with him.设法和他保持联系.
get in touch with 和...取得联系/I＇ll get in touch with you as soon as I return
from America.我一从美国回来就立刻和你联系.
out of touch 失去联系,对...生疏/We have been out of touch with them for about
two years.我们大约有两年没跟他们联系了.
lose touch with 与...失去联系

8:crowd与crowded
crowd n./v.人群,大量,涌向,聚集
the crowd 大众/follow /go with the crowd 随大流/a crowd of books 很多书/ crowd our 挤出,排挤/crowd sb off the side walk 把某人挤出人行道/crowd into 挤进/push one＇s way through the crowd 挤过人群
crowded adj.拥挤的,装满的,密集的/Why is so crowded today?今天为什么这么拥挤?
be crowded with 装满

9:remain v. 留下,停留/How many weeks will you remain here?你将在此停留几个星期?
remain at home 留在家中
继续,保持(某种状态)/remain loyal to the team 忠于球队/remain a fisherman 仍然是个渔民/remain a mystery 仍然是个谜/The fact remain to be proved.事情尚待证明.

10:attract/draw/invite/ one＇s attention to... 吸引某人注意...
pay(give) attention to 对...注意,对...留意,当心
hold/remain/rivet ons＇s attention on 将注意力集中于...
focus ons＇s attention on/devote one＇s attention to 专心于...
direct/turn one＇s attention to 将注意力转向...
distract/divert one＇s attention 分散(转移)注意力
pay one＇s attentions to 向女人献殷勤

11:regular adj. 通常的,规律的/You must keep regular life.你必须保持规律的生活.
一定的,固定的/He has no regular work. 他没有固定的工作.
职业性的,正规的/He has no regular education.他没受过正规教育.
(语法)规则的/The verb"dance"is regular,but the verb "be"is not
regular.动词"dance"是规则动词,而"be"是不规则动词.
匀称的,端正的/She has regular teeth.她的牙齿排列很整齐.
n. 正规人员/There were four regulars in the train crew and five
volunteers.火车工作人员中有四个正规人员,五个志愿者.
adv.regularly 有规则地,定期地,习惯地

12:deal with 处理,应付/How shall we deal with this problem?我们如何处理这些问题?
涉及/The book deals with Asia.这本书与亚洲有关.
对待/He dealt fairly with all people.他对一切人都公平对待.
与...交易/We have dealt with that store for 10 years.我们和那家商店已经来往10年了.

13:physician 医生(内科)
physicist 物理学家
surgeon 外科医生
chemist 化学家

14:educator 教育家
educate sb to do sth. 教育某人.../You should educate your children behave well.
你应该教育你的孩子们守规矩.
educate oneself 自学

15:in store 存储备用/We have a lot of food in store for the bad weather.
将要发生/Who knows what the future has in store for us?

16:require vt. 必要，需要/This matter requires haste.这件事必须要赶快做.
What do you require of me？你对我有何要求？
The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.这房间需要打扫.
区别: need 需要/ require 因需要而请求 /demand 强烈的请求
my appearance.
vt.要求,命令/The police requires (of) me to appear.
that I (should) appear.
n. requirement 必需,要求,必要条件

17:programme n. 节目,节目表/What＇s the next thing on the program? 下一个节目是什么?
计划,纲要方案程序/Today there is a forest programme in 70 villages in
this area.目前这个地区有70个村庄有一项造林计划.
vt.为...制定计划/programme +名 + to do
vt.编程序/They can be programmed to carry out a variety of job.它公司
编入程序来进行各式各样的工作.
辨析:programme,project,plan
programme 多指团体制定的计划或规化,比projiect 规模大
project 与plan 即指个人计划又指团体计划,可互换,但与工程有关的多用project.
eg:He made a project/plan to teach himself English.他制定了一个自学英语的计划.
a house development peoject 住宅开发规划

18:reality n.真实,真实性/She doubted the reality of what sha had heard.她怀疑她所听
的事情的真实性.
现实,实体/The grim realities of war 战争的冷酷现实
in reality 实际上,事实上/She looks young,but in reality she is over forty.
她看来年轻,实际上她已经年逾四十了.
turn into reality/realities =come ture 实现

19:imitate vt.效法,仿效/imitate one＇s way of 效法...的方法
仿制,仿造/He imitated the works of Picasso.他仿制毕加索的作品.
n.imitation 模仿,仿制品
adj.imitative 模仿的

Unit 7

1:live with 忍受,与...住在一起=put up with
live with stress/pain 忍受压力/痛苦
live with sb与某人生活在一起
live through 活过... 度过...
live up to 符合,配得上
live on +sb/sth.靠...生活,以...为食
live for 为...而活, 渴望

2:imagine vt. 想象,料想,认为
imagine sth./It is difficult to imagine their sufferings.难以想象他们
受的苦难.
imagine sb/oneself to be / I imagine him to be/as an engineer.我想(认为) 他是一名工程师
as .
imagine what从句 /I can＇t imagine what he looks like.我想象不出他的模样.
imagine doing/I didn＇t imagine becoming an engineer in my childhood.在孩提时代,我没想象到成为一名工程师.
imagine sb doing/Can you imagine Joan cooking the dinner?你能想象琼在做饭吗?
n.imagination 想象力
adj.imaginative 富有想象力的
adj.imaginary 假想的,想象的

3:infect vt.传染,感染
影响,感染(多指受坏思想影响)
→be infected with
eg:All the members of my familiy were infected with influenza.我们全家人都感染了流行性感冒.
When he was in the prison he was infected with all sorts of antisocial ideas.他的高昂的情绪感染了这里的每个人.
n.infection 传染病
adj.infectious 传染的,易传染的

4:transmit vt.传染,传导
transmit ...by doing sth.通过...传播(疫苗)/People may transmit SARS by staying close to each other.人们之间的密切接触可能会传播非典.
传达,遗传/transmit the revolutionary tradiion to sb把革命传统传给某人.

5:via 介词 经由(by the way)/We went to shanghai via wu han.我们经武汉去上海.
凭借,通过(by means of)/He sent me a love letter via one of my friends.他通过我的一个朋友把情书寄给了我.
以...为媒介(=through)/The Olympics were telecast live via satellite.奥运比赛经由人造卫星做实况电视转播.

6:persuade vt.说服,劝服
persuade sbof sth./ that ...使...信服
eg:I persuade him of my innocence/that I was innocent.我说服他相信我
是无辜的.
persuade sb to do/into doing 说服...做
eg:I persuaded him to buy it/into buying it.我说服他去买那东西.
persuade sbnot to do/to stop doing/out of doing 说服...不做
eg:I persuaded him to stop smoking/out of smoking/not to smoke.我说服他戒烟.
persuade =try to advise
表示劝说的动作,不强调结果→advise
vi.被说服(不用被动式),表示被动意义,并带easily之类的状语/He persuades easily.他很容易被说服.
n.persuasion 说服

7:treat vt.对待,接待
treat sb as (对待,同regard as)/He treated my words as a joke.(=as if they were
a joke)他把我的话当作笑话听.
treat to(接食物)/He treated me to a drink.他请我喝酒.
治疗/The dentist is treating my teeth.牙医正在治疗我的牙齿.
treat sb for (病名) with (药) →cure /The doctor treated me for headache with
aspirin.医生用阿司匹林治疗我的头痛.
处理/He treated the metal plate with chemicals.他将那金属板加以化学处理.
论述/The magazine treated the problem.那杂志社论述了那个问题.
vi.论述,对待/His lecture treats of the Civil War.他的演讲论述了南北战争.
请求,供应/It is my ture to treat.这次该我请客.
谈判,磋商/They treated with the enemy for peace.他们为了和平而跟敌人谈判.
n.treatment 治疗,疗法

8:die off (冻,饿,病)死
die from 死于

9:lack vt.缺少,缺乏/lack wisdom/decision/common sense/food/money 缺乏智慧/决心/常识
/缺少食品/钱
用作及物动词常接抽象名词做宾语
暗含＂需要＂反之，need 一词暗含缺少
eg:The city lacks a good library.这个城市需要一个好图书馆.
用作不及物动词,只用于进行时态 be lacking in 结构中,表示人或物缺乏某种本质,不可接时间,金钱作宾语.
误:He is lacking in money/time.
正:Money/time is lacking.
他缺少金钱/时间.
He is lacking in
He lacks courage/determination to do it.他缺乏做那事的勇气/决心.
for/by/through from lack of 因缺乏/无.../This item was not explained for lack
of time.此项因时间不足而没被说明.

10:suffer vi. 受病,受苦/The injured man was still suffering.那位受伤男人还在受着折
磨.
suffer from (war/the flood/a headache...)遭受(战争/洪水之苦/患头痛)
vt.忍受,忍耐/I＇ll suffer this insult no longer.我不会再忍受这种侮辱了.

11:fierce adj.激烈的,凶猛的/It was as fierce as a tiger.它象老虎一样凶猛.
猛烈,强烈/Competition was fierce.竞争是激烈的.

12:recover vt.康复,恢复/He recovered his health.=He got recovered.他恢复了健康.
vi.恢复,复原/He recovered from his illness.他从病中恢复了过来.


Unit 8
1:aid n.援助,救助/with the aid/help 在...帮助下
vt.援助,资助/He aids her in business with money.
aid sb with 在某方面帮某人/aid sb with sth. 用某物帮某人

2:drown vi. 溺死/He (was) drowned in the sea.他在海里溺死.
做＂溺死＂解多用被动式，＂投水自杀＂加反身代词
　　　　He drowned himself.他投水自杀.
He was drowned at sea.他在航海中溺死.
drown 的现在分词与动名词可表＂被淹＂但不是被淹死．
The drowning man was a foreigner.溺水的人是一名外国人.
a drowned man 已淹死的人

3:bleed v. 使出血(bled,bled,-ing)/They bled him 他们给他放了血.
榨取/He bleed them for every penny.他榨取了他们每一个铜板.
流血/His cut/nose was bleeding.=He was bleeding from/at a cut/his nose.
他的伤口/鼻子在流血.
为了...心痛/My heart bleeds for the poor child.我为这个可怜的孩子感到心
痛.
放血/bleed sb white 榨干某人的所有钱财

4.choke v. ...使...窒息/The smoke almost choked him.烟几乎使他窒息.
choke sb 难以说话/Her voice was choked with sobs.她泣不成声.
堵/阻塞(常与up连用)/The chimney was choked(up) with soot.那烟囱被烟垢堵
住.

5:wire n.擦一擦/Give your nose a good wire.把你的鼻子好好擦一下.
金属线,电线/a (piece of)wire 一根铁丝/the electric wires 电线/telephone
wires 电话线
电报/send sba wire 给...拍个电报
v.装配电线/They have wired the newhouse.他们已给新居安上了电线.
拍电报
wire sb sth./He wired us the reasult/the reasult to us.他打电报告诉我们结
果.
wire sbto do/He wired his son to come home.他给他儿子拍电报.
wire sb that/His son wired his parents that he would returned home the next
day.他儿子给父亲拍来电报说他第二天回家.
用铁丝绑/He wired the poles together.他用铁丝把这几个杆子捆在一起.

6:catch fire 着火,开始燃烧

7:scream vi.尖声叫喊，（风）作尖鸣声/She screamed when she saw the robber.她看到强盗
时，尖声地叫起来.
scream/cry/shout/shriek/exclaim
cry: ＂大声的叫喊＂的常用字
shout: 大声的喊、叫、喊出
scream:由于痛苦或恐怖而突然大声尖叫
shriek：比scream 发出更尖锐的叫声
exclaim:为表现强烈的感情而大叫

8:upside down 颠倒地（反 inside out 里外反过来）/hold sth. upside down 倒拿着
乱七八糟地/Don＇t turn the room upside down.不要把房间弄得乱七八糟.

9:electrical adj. 与电有关的（不一定是导电的）
electrical engineering 电机工程/an electrical book 电学书
/electrical knowledge 电学知识
electric adj. 可导电的，强烈的/Is this clock electric?这个时钟是电动的吗？
The film has an electric effect upon all the audience
那部电影强烈震撼了全体观众.

10:calm adj. 温和的，平静的/The sea was calm.海面风平浪静.
宁静的，镇静的/She tried to remain calm.她设法保持镇静.
calm, silence, quiet
calm down 使镇静（镇定，平静）下来，指海面风平浪静，人镇定
keep silence 沉默不作声
quiet→noisy(反) 安静（不吵闹）

10:panic n. 惊慌，恐惧/There was panic when the fire stared.起火时大家都很恐慌.
be in a panic 处于恐慌(表状态)/In panic she dashed to her cave.
get into a panic 陷入恐慌（表动作）

11:conscious adj. 意识出，觉察出
be conscious of /He was not conscious of the pain.他不觉得痛.

that /She was conscious that she was being followed.
她觉察到她被尾随着.
有意识的（反 unconscious）/He became conscious again in a minute.
他立刻又恢复知觉.
be （un）consious of the pain 有/无疼痛感（更强调察觉的意思）
be aware of 对...有感知，有意识（侧重感觉和反应）

11:tip vt./vi. 将...倾倒，翻覆(常与over,up连用)/He accidentally tipped over the bottle.他不小心翻倒了瓶子.
n. 顶端，尖端/the tips of one＇s finger/toes 指尖/脚趾尖
小费，赏钱/give sb a tip 给...小费

12:slight adj. 轻微的
a slight headache/cold 轻微的头痛/感冒
not ...(in) the slightest 一点也不/I am not afraid in the slightest.
我一点也不害怕.
苗条的，脆弱的/He was as slight as a girl.他像女孩子一样纤细.

13:circulate vi. （血液等）循环，环流/Blood circulates through(in) the body.血液在
体内循环.
流通/The fan circulates the air in the room.风扇使室内空气流通.
n. circulation 循环/Harvey discovered the circulation of the blood.哈
维发现血液循环.
流通/Many forged notes are in circulation.有许多伪钞在
流通.
发行量/The magazine has a circulation of 400000.这份杂
志的发行量为40万.

14:pulse n. 脉搏/ feel/take the patient＇s pulse 给病人诊脉

15:revive vt. 使苏醒/He revived a senseless child.他救醒那个失去知觉的小孩.
使重新流行/She revived the old fashion.她使旧式样重新流行起来.
使精神振作/A cup of the coffee revived me.一杯咖啡使我精神振作起来.
再上演（戏剧，电影）/The film was revived on the screen.这电影重新上
演.
vi.苏醒，复活/The roses revived after the rain.玫瑰花在雨中复原.
n.recovery 痊愈,重获/the recovery of the missing watch/the lost watch
n.revival 苏醒，复兴

16:roll over 翻转
roll down 流下来/The tears rolled down her check.泪珠顺着她的脸颊流了下来.

17:blanket n. 毛毯/a blanket of snown 雪覆盖像毯子

18:weave vt. 织，编
be woven of 由...编织而成/The material is woven of cotten.
weave sb sth./He wove me a basket.他给我编了个篮子.
be made from 由...制成
be made of (看出材料)由...制成/The desk is made of wood.

19:sudden adj.突然/There was a sudden change in the weather.天气突然发生了变化.
come to a sudden stop 猛停
make a sudden turn to... 突然向...一拐
n. all of a sudden 突然/All of a sudden Molly felt sad.突然莫利感到很凄
伤.

20:in honour of sb （为表示敬意招待）/A party was given in honour of the guests.
举行晚会以招待客人.
feel it an honour to do/have the honour to do 荣幸做...
eg:I feel it an honour/have the honour to be asked to give a speech here.要求我
在这发言，我感到荣幸。

21：bite vt. vi. 咬/The cat gave the mouse a bite.猫咬了老鼠一口.
bite sb in/on the +身体部位/The dog bite me in the leg.那狗咬了我的腿.
bite off 咬下/I couldn＇t bite off a piece of meat.我连一块肉也咬不
下.

22:tap n. 旋塞，龙头/switch on/off the tap 开/关龙头
v. 轻拍/tap the desk

23:loose adj. 松的,松散的（反 light）/She is wearing a loose dress.她穿着一件宽大的衣服.
loose papers 没装订的文件/loose hair 松散的头发/a loose leg of a table 摇动的桌腿
v.loosen 放松/loosen the knot 把结放松

24:explanation n. 解释，说明
give/offer/provide an explantion of/that
eg:He gave an explanation of how sound travels in water.他解释声音如
何在水中传播.

25:in case of 假使，提防(用于不好的事情)/In case of earthquake,crawl under the desk.假如地震的话，就匍匐在桌下.

26:list n. 目录，菜单
a list of 一张...的清单
a name list 一份名单
a table list 课表
make a list of 制作一张...的单子
a shopping list 购物单

Unit 9
1:coal n.（u）煤 a piece of coal 一块煤
（c）（燃烧中的）煤块/A hot coal fell from the fire and burnt a hole in the
carpet.一块燃烧的煤，从炉火中掉出把地毯给烧了一个洞.

2:content n.（c）物品/Show me the contents of the bag.让我看着这手提包里的东西.
(c)目录/I glanced over the (table of) contents.我约略看了一下目录.
(u)内容/The contents of his speech was good.他的演说内容很好.
adj.满意，满足
be content （be satisfied) with/to do
eg:I am content(ed) with my wife. 我对我的妻子感到满意.

3:access n. 接近，进入 接近的方法/All students have access to the library.所有学生
都可以进入图书馆.
adj. accessible/易接近的，容易取得的

4:poverty n. 贫穷，缺乏
poverty of blood/imagination 贫血/缺乏想象力
poverty in nature resources 缺乏自然资源
live in poverty 过贫困生活

5:rural adj. 田园的，乡村的/He lived a rural life.他过着田园生活.
城市的 urban

6:take part in 参加活动（不表在进行），会议，运动/The leading group decided to tell all
the workers to take part in the strike.领导组决定让所有的工人都参加这
次罢工.
join 参加团体组织（成为一员）
join the party/the league/the army/a club/the origanization/sh.
入党/团/参军/参加俱乐部/组织/和...在一起,也可用于＂参加某种活动＂，但不如join in 通用, join(in) the ball game
join in 参加活动,多指正在进行的活动
join (sb) in the discussion/the concert/the game(和...一起)参加讨论/音乐会/比赛
attend 出席,参加会议,上学,上课
attend the meeting/the lecture/school
参加会议/听课/上学

7:stress n. 压迫,压力/He did so under (the) stress of necessarity.他受情势所需的压
迫而这样做.
强调,重点(同)emphasis/The government lays stress on welfare work.政府着重于福利事业.
vt.强调(同)emphasize/He stessed(=laid stress on) the need for understanding between nations.他强调国家间互相谅解的必要.
8:equality n. 平等/equality between the sexs 男女平等

9:fairness n. 公平,公正
adj. fair (反) unfair
adv.fairly 公平地,公正地/The prisoners were treated fairly.这些俘虏受到公平的对待.
相当的/He was a fairly short man.他是一个相当矮的人.
完全地/He was fairly beside himself with rage.他气得几乎发狂.
辨析fairly,rather
fairly 须与褒义词连用
rather 多与贬义词连用也可与褒义词连用表强调的赞许,相当于very.
eg: This a fairly easy question.
This a rather difficult question.
You＇ve done rather (fairly) well.你做得很(还)好.

10:responsibility n. 责任,责任心
adj.responsible 负责任的,有责任的/I＇m responsible for the job.
我负责这项工作.
可靠的,可信赖的/They gave the task to a responsible
fellow.他们将这任务交给了一个可靠的人.

12:cooperation n. 合作,配合/Thank for your coopreation.谢谢你的合作.
cooperation in /I need your cooperation in this matter.在这件事上我需要你的合作.
vi.cooperate 合力协作
cooperate with /The company is difficult to cooperate with.与这个
公司的合作很难.
cooperate to /Let＇s to cooperate to get the work done quickly.
咱们协力来尽快完成这项工作.

13:harmony n. 协调,和谐
in harmony with ...与...协调/People are in harmony with the enviroment.

14:wipe vt. 擦,揩(与off,up,out,away)/He wiped his tears away (from his face).他擦掉眼泪.

15:defend v. 保护，免疫，使...免受...之害
defend sb against/from /We must always be ready to defend our country from(against) aggression.我们必须随时准备保卫我们的国家不受侵略.
defend +n./They build the castle to defend the coast. 他们修筑城堡得到海岸.
辩护/The lawyer defended the accused.这律师替被告辩护.
16:affect v. 对...发生影响(指不好的影响特别是对身体某部位的影响)/This may affect your health.这可能有害你的健康.
使...感动（同move）I was affected(moved) by his words.他的话使我受感动.

17:advise v. 建议/The doctor advised a change of air.医生建议通风换气.
通知，事先告知
advise sb of sth./I advise you of the danger.我通知你有危险.
告之，指教
advise (sb) +名词性从句/Please advise me which is the best.请告诉我哪一个最好.
advise sb+疑问词+to 不定式/Please advise me what to do?请告诉我该怎么办？
advise sb＇s doing/advise sb to do
I adivse him to start/his starting at once.我劝他马上开始.
advise (sb)接由that 引导的名词性从句时，从句的谓语动词
(1)用虚拟语气，意为“建议”
I advised her that she (should) wait.我建议她应该等.
(2)用一般时态，意为“通知”
We are to advise you that the matter is under consideration.我们应
通知你此事正在考虑中.
辨析：advise 与persuade
advise 表示说服，劝说的动作=try to persuade
persuade 表示结果，即说服了






















高二下册
Unit 1
1:solar adj. 太阳的，日光的
a solar spot 太阳黑子 the solar system 太阳系

2：giant adj.巨大的/He is a giant in the business.他是商业界的巨子.
n.巨人，巨物 the giantess 女巨人

3:leap n./vi.(leapt,leapt)跳，跳跃
leap over the fence 跳过栅栏
leap to one’s feet 突然站起
leap (jump) for joy 高兴得跳起
leap into my mind 突然闪现
leap year 闰年

4:mankind n.人类 谓语动词可单可复，用it 代替，不用he

5:man n.（c）men
（有体征的）人，...者,...家 a man of letters 文人
男仆、男佣、工人、员工、士兵、部下/officers and man 军官和士兵
最佳人选/He is the very man for the job.做这件事他是最合适的人选.
男子汉/Don’t cry-be a man!不要哭，做个男子汉!
独用通常指全人类，也指一切男人，义同human being ,human rece
虽指一切全人类或一切男子，谓语动词用单数，相对应的代词为he,him ,his
Man is said to be stronger than waman.都说男人比女人强壮.
指全人类，谓语动词用复数
manly 男子气概的 manhood 成年期 man power 人力资源 man servant 男仆

vt.为...配备人力/The spaceship was manned by 5 people.这艘宇宙飞船上配置了5个
人.

6: support vt.支持，支撑/The marble columns support the cathedral.大理石圆柱支撑着
这座教堂.
支持（想法，人等）/support his opinion
抚养/support the family
in support of 为了支持（拥护）
supporting part 配角
supporting program 加片，副戏

7:daily adj./adv./n. 每天，每天的，日报
weekly 每周的/地,周刊 monthly 每日的/地，月刊
quarterly 每季的/地,季刊 yealy 每年的/地，年刊

8:achieve vt. 同accomplish
achieve purpose 达到目的
achieve success 取得成功
n.achievement
9:likely adj.有可能的，合适的/likely place 合适的地方
表示很有可能的句型
sb. is likely to do /It is likely that
It is probable that .../It is possibel to do /It is possible that...
n. likelihood 可能性

10:economic adj. 经济的，经济学的 an economic policy 经济政策
economical 节俭的，节约的 /an economical housewife 节俭的家庭主妇
economy n. 经济/the national economy 国家经济
economist n. 经济学家

11:zoon n. 地带，区域 /a school zoon 文教地区
the temperate zoon 温带
the frigid zoon 寒带
同 region ,district ,area

12:private adj. 私有的，个人的
private property 私有财产
take private lessons in 接受...家教
be kept private 保密
in private 私下，单独
private school 私立学校

13:institute n.研究所，学院
=college ,acadamy, university

14:grasp vt.vi.抓住/grasp one’s arm =grasp sb. by the arm
理解/grasp the meaning of 理解...的意思
beyond one’s grasp 力量达不到
have a good grasp 深刻了解
in the grasp of 在...的掌握中
15:master n. 主人，老板/They are loyal to their master.他们对主人很衷心.
名人，大家/He is a master of chess .他是下棋的名手.
be master of 控制，掌握
master of Arts 文学硕士
master of Science 理学硕士
n. mastery 支配，优越，老练

16:arrange vt.整理，安排
arrange sth./arrange for sb.
安排某人做某事
arrange for sb. to do 与某人约定做某事
arrange with sb. to do
商定，安排
arrange that 从句里须用shall或should/We arranged that the meeting shall
be put off till next week.

arrange to do /Can you arrange to meet me tonight?今晚你能设法与我会面
吗？

17:rely vi.依赖，依靠，信任
rely on/upon sb./sth./You may not rely on the weather report.你不可以信
赖天气预报.
rely on/upon sb.doing =rely on sb. to do 指望/相信某人会做...
rely on our own efforts 自力更生

18:come to life 活跃，苏醒过来
bring to life

19:mark vt.标志，表示，做记号
be marked with 写有，标有
mark down 记下
mark out for 为...选出
n. 标记
make one’s mark 出名，成功
beside (off) the mark 未击中，不切题

20:agency n. 代理店，经销处
a news agency 通讯社
a detective agency 私人侦探所
an employment agency 职业介绍所
agent n. 代理人，经销商

21:organ n. 器官
organize 组织 n. organization

22:march n./vt.行军，进行
have a march match 行军比赛
march into 长驱直入
march off 出发，带走
march on 向前走
the long march 长征
the march of time 时间的流逝

23:aim vt./vi. 瞄准，对准
vt.aim...at.../He aimed his gun at a deer.他用枪瞄准一头鹿.
vi.aim at/I aimed at the target and hit it.我瞄准目标击中了.
aim high 胸怀大志，力争上游

24:announce vt.宣告，宣布/announce sth./sb.
发表/announced sth. to sb.(explain sth.to sb.)
announced to sb.that
It is announced that ...据称

25:battle n. 战场，战役
on battle 在战场上
battle with/against...与...斗争

Unit 12
1:fiction n. 小说
长篇小说是a novel 短篇小说是a short story
非小说性的散文文学称为nonfiction
虚构的事/The story is pure fiction.这故事纯属虚构.
adj.fictional 小说的
v. fictionalize 把...编成小说

2:belief n. 信念，确信/It is my belief that he will win.我确信他会赢.
信赖，信仰/her belief in God 她对上帝的信仰
vt.believe
have belief in =believe in

3:league n. 联盟，社团
a league member 团员
be in league with 与...联盟，勾结

4:make a(one’s) living 谋生 =earn a (one’s) living
the standard living =living standards 生活水准

5:apply vt. 应用，运用
apply... to /We must apply theory to practice.我们必须把理论付诸于实践.
apply +n.to /They will apply the meney to build(ing) up a lab.
do/doing 他们将用这笔钱建实验室.
apply oneself to 专心于/Apply yourself to your study.你得专心读书.
向...申请
apply(to) ... for /We applied to the government for financial help.
我们向政府申请财务援助.
适用于
be applied to+n./-ing /The rule can be applied to any case.这规则适用于
任何情况.
adj.applied 应用的，实用的

6:servant n. 仆人，公务员
a public servant 公仆
engage a servant 雇佣仆人

7:hunter n. 猎人，搜索者
vt. hunt 捕猎，打猎/hunt foxes/deer/big game 猎捕狐狸/鹿/大猎物
go hunting 去打猎
hunted for/after 寻找
be on the hunt for ...寻找/求

8:set out 出发，上路
set out to do 着手做 =set about doing

9:collision n. 碰撞，冲突
come into collsion with= in collision with 和...相撞，冲突

10:overboard 从船上落入水中 /throw overboard 丢在船外
knock over 碰倒
boil over 煮...溢出
turn over 弄翻

11:permanent adj.永久的，固定的
permanent memory/job/address

12:guest n. 客人
take in guests 留客
an uncalled guest 不速之客

13:iron n. 铁/Strick while the iron is hot.
an electric iron 电熨斗
metal 金属 /gold 金/silver 银/ copper 铜 /steel 钢

14:aboard adv.搭乘/go aboard 乘车
All aboard .各位请上车.
Welcome aboard 欢迎搭乘
介词 搭乘，进入/They went aboard the ship.他们等上了轮船.

15:prisoner n. 囚犯
be taken prisoner/He failed to run away and was taken prisoner.
他逃跑失败被俘

16:marble n. 大理石（u）/Marble is used for sculpture.大理石用来雕刻.

17:shore n. 岸、滨
in shore 在近海岸
on shore 在海岸上
off shore 在离岸不远的地方
to shore 到岸边，离岸边
the shores of the lake 湖岸（习惯用复数）

18:in public 公开的，公然/These things were destroyed in public.这些东西当众销毁.
in private

19:throw light upon 把...理出头绪，使明白，解释/The new facts threw some light on the
matter.那些新事实使这个问题更明朗化些.
bring ... to light 将...曝光,揭露
come to light 显露,暴露
20:brilliant adj. 聪明的,杰出的
a brilliant jewel 宝石
a brilliant scholar 有才气的学者

21:labour n. 努力,劳动/The task needs much labours.
skilled labour 熟练工
Labour Day劳动节(不加冠词)

22:hesitate vi. 踌躇,犹豫
hesitate to do /～in doing/～what／～about doing

23:creation n. 创造/The creation of the Roman Empire took many years.
罗马帝国经过许多年才建立起来.
(c)作品(同works)创作物/the latest creation 最新作品
万物/Man is the lord of creation .人类是万物之灵.

24:cut up 切碎,剪碎 /cut up the meat
cut down 砍倒,缩减(费用)
cut in 超车,插嘴
cut off 割掉
cut out (details)删去 (细节)

25:lip n.嘴唇,唇状物/He was reading with a cigarette between his lips.他阅读时叼着
烟.
escape one’s lips 脱口而出

Unit 13
1:benefit n. 利益,益处
benefit from /I’ll never benefits from my teacher.我永远也忘不了教师
的教益.
对...有益
for/in the benefit of /The money is to be uesed for/in the benefit of the
poor.该款将用于救助穷人.
get/have much benefit from/ I have got/had/received much benefit from his
teaching.我从他的教学中受益匪浅.

2:property n. (u)财产,所有物(同possessions,belongings)
a man of property 一个富人
be one’s property 归...所有
特性,特质,指事物的基本特征
character 指事物的个别特点

3:range vi.(一定范围内)变动,变化/The prices of the dolls range from ＄5to＄100.那些
娃娃价格从5美元到100美元不等.
n. 范围,射程
be in range 在射程内
be beyond (out of) range 超出射程(在射程之外)
4:all the way 一直,一路/He drove all the way from Canda to Maxico.他从加拿大一直开
车到墨西哥.
老远/They came all the way from Brazil.他们大老远地从巴西来.
完全,全部

5:unique adj.唯一的,独特的
be unique to 为...特有/The custom is unique to China.这风俗为中国特有.

6:atom n. 原子,极小物 /The china was broken into atoms.瓷器破成碎片.
atomic 原子的,极微的

7:relative adj. 比较的,相对的/She is living in relative poverty.她过着较为贫穷的生
活.
相互的,相应的/Supply is relative to demand.供给和需求是相互对应的.
n.(c)亲戚,亲人
adv.relatively 相对地,比较地
n. relativity 相对论,相关性

8:solid adj./n.固体的,固体
gas-liquid-fluid-solid
气体-液体-流体-固体

9:freeze vt.使...结冻
freeze+n.
freeze over/The lake was frozen over/(into ice/with ice).湖已结满了冰.
n. freezer 冷藏器 adj. freezing 极冷的

10:pure adj. 纯粹的,无垢的
pure gold 纯金

11:relationship n.关系,关联
the relationship between teachers and students 师生关系

12:mass n. 质量,团,块,大量
the masses 大众
a mass of cold air 大量冷空气
masses of dark clouds 大片乌云
in the mass 总体上,大致上
mass communications /mass media 大众传播工具
massive adj. 巨大的
a massive man 巨人

13:float vi./vt.(使)漂浮
woods floats on water 木头浮在水上
A boat floated down the river.一条船顺流而下.

14:take advantage of 对...加以利用/Don’t take advantage of other’s weakness.
不要利用他人的弱点.
be of advantage to 对...有利/It is of great advantage to me.它对我有利.

15:decrease vi.变小,减少
on the decrease 在减少中,在下降中
decrease to 减少到
反 increase 增加

16:capacity n. 容量,容积/The hall has a seating capacity of 500 people.这个厅可容纳
500人.
能力,才能/He has a great capacity to make friends.他交友的能力很强.

17:centigrade adj.摄氏温度计的
100 degrees centigrade 摄氏100度

18:absorb vt.吸收/Dry sand absorbs water.沙子吸水.
absorb sb. 使...精力集中/His business absorbed him.
be absorbed in 专心于

19:give off 释放,放出/give off nice smell
=let out

20:thus adv.如此,这样=so
He spoke thus.他这样说.

21:sensitive adj. 敏感的,牢固的
senseless adj. 不省人事的
fall senseless 晕倒
sensible adj. 明智的,通晓道理的
sensibility n. 感觉力
sensitiveness n. 敏感
sensituvity n. 灵敏度

22:steady adj. 平稳的,牢固的
steadier steadiest /steady table

23:call in 召集,打电话
call off 取消
call sb. up 打电话,使某人想起 call up my childhood

24:a (great/large/wide) variety of 种类繁多的
a variety of people
various adj. for various reason 因种种理由

25:define vt.给...下定义
eg:It is hard to define this word

Unit 14
1:freedom n. 自由
have he freedom (be free) to do 随意做事情
freedom of speech 言论自由
with freedom 自由地,随便地
freedom from care 无忧无虑的
free for 免除(charge)

2:civil adj. 公民的,国内的,文职的
civil rights 公民权
civil duties 公民义务
civil war 内战

3:murder n. 谋杀,杀人事件/The police investigated the murder.警察调查这宗杀人案件.
vt.谋杀,杀死/He was murdered last night.他昨晚被人谋杀了.
murderer n.杀人者 murderous adj.杀人的

4:youth n.通常指青年男子,有单复数/a youth 一个青年男子
youths =young men 青年男子
the youth 青年男女=the young,young people
the youth 为集合名词谓语动词可单可复
意味 “青春”为不可数名词/lose/keep one’s youth 青春不在/依旧

5:prison n. 监狱
put ...in prison 把...投进监狱
be in prison 在坐牢
be out of prison
be held/kept in prison 被监禁
be throw in prison 被投进监狱

6:salvery n. 奴隶制,蓄奴,奴隶身份
fall into salvery 沦为奴隶

7:soul n. 灵魂,心灵,精神(同spirit)
with all one’s soul 一心一意,真心真意地
Serve the people heart and soul.全心全意为人民服务.

8:arrest vt. 逮捕,拘留
arrest sb. for 以...罪逮捕
sb. is arrested for robbery
He is under arrest.他被逮捕了

9:separate n. 分离
vt.separate 分离,使分开 divide
separate from /Cream separates from milk.乳脂和牛奶分离.
separate into 被分隔成
separate out 分开/Oil and water are easy to separate out.油和水易分开.
adv.separately 分别地,个别地
n. separator 分离器

10:race n. 种族,人种
the white race 白人 the human race 人类

11:forbid vt. 禁止,不许
forbid sb. sth. /forbid sb. to do
I forbid you to enter the room.我不准你进入这房间.
forbid sb.’s doing/I must forbid her staying here.我必须禁止她待在这里.
forbid that
12:vote n.投票，投票数
decide by vote 投票表决
cast a vote for/against 对...投赞成/反对票
by a vote of 120对80票
选举权
bring to a vote 付诸表决/He asked to have the matter brought to a vote.
他要求把这件事付诸表决.
take a vote 表决/A vote was taken to decide the matter.进行表决来决定此事.
vi. vote sb. to do
vote for/against 投票赞成/反对/表决
vote down (投票)否决/They have voted down the motion.他们否决了这些决议.
vote through (投票)通过/They have voted the proposal.他们已通过了这项
议案.

13:demand vt.某事物需要/demand +n.
要求,请求/demand to do
demand +n.+from/I demand of him to answer.我要求他给予答复.
demand that /They demanded that they get more money.他们要求拿到更多的
钱.
n.要求
make demands on /He made a demand that he (should)be given help.他要求
提供帮助.
需求
a demand for/There is a great demand for eggs.急需鸡蛋.

14:act n. 法令,条例/Parliament has passed an act to stop the killing of animals.
国家已通过法令禁止杀伤野生动物.

15:bill n. 账单/pay the bill 付账
法案,议案/carry the bill 通过议案
招贴/post a bill 张贴广告
钞票/a ten-dollar bill 十元钞票

16:independence n. 独立
depend v. 依靠-dependence n.反-independence
independence from/Finland gained independence from Russia during World War I. 芬兰在第一次世界大战期间脱离德国而独立.
adj. independent 独立的,中立的
be independent of 脱离...而独立/An objective law is independent
of man’s will.客观规律是不以人
的意志为转移的.

17:regardless adj. 不顾,不管/He is regardless of this appearance.他不在乎自己的外表.
regardless of...不顾,不拘束/He went out regardless of her objection. 他不顾她的反对而出去了.
adv. 无论如何地/But she didn’t give it up regardless.但无论如何她还是
不死心.

18:at first sight 乍一看,初见之下
at (the) sight of =on seeing
by the sight of 看到/The children were frightened by the sight of him.见到他,孩
子们就害怕.
know ...by sight 认得某人,面熟/I know her by sight.我认得他.
come in sight of看见/We came in sight of land.我们见到了陆地.

Unit 15
1:complain vi.诉说,抱怨
complain of/about /He is always complaining of the food.他老是说吃的不好.
complain to sb. about /of /She complained to me about the service here.
她向我抱怨这儿的服务不好.
complain that /He complained that his job gives him no satisfaction.
他抱怨说他的工作不使他满意.
n.complaint 抱怨

2:upset vt. 打翻,颠覆/upset the vase 打翻了花瓶
破坏,搅乱,打乱/My plan was upset by the change in the weather.天气变化
打乱了我的计划.
使...心烦意乱,使胃不舒服/I was upset by the bad news.坏消息使我心烦意乱.
This kind of food often upsets my stomach.
这种食物常使我反胃.

3:airline 航空公司
air force 空军
air hostess 空中小姐
air mail 航空邮件
air plane 飞机
air port 机场
air ship 飞船

4:fly n. 苍蝇
firefly 萤火虫 drgonfly 蜻蜓 flying saucer 飞碟

5:look into 窥视,往里看/The baby looked into the mirror/the room.婴儿窥视镜子/往屋
里看.
调查/The police looked into the case.警察调查该案件.

6:stretch vt.伸展,扩展/He stretched out his hand to take the pen.他伸出手拿钢笔.
vi.伸展,绵延/The desert stretch the shoes a little.我必须把这双鞋子撑大一
点.
stretch oneself 把手脚伸开/He stretched himself lazily and rubbed his eyes.
他懒洋洋把手脚摊开,揉了揉眼睛.
stretch a point 破例通融/Can you stretch a piont in my favor?
你能否为我通融一下?

7:get/be tired of 对...厌倦
I got tired of reading.我读书读厌了.
I tire of everything.我对什么都厌倦.
tire sb. with sth...使...厌倦/He tires me with his long stories.他那长长的故事使我
听厌了.
tire sb. of ...使...对...厌倦/Long hours sitting tired me of reading.长时间坐着使
我对读书厌倦.
tire out 使疲劳已极/I was tired out.我累坏了.
adv. tiredly 疲倦地
n. tiredness 疲劳
adj. tireless 不知疲劳的
adv. tirelessly 不疲倦地
adj. tiresome 令人厌烦的
adj.tiring 令人疲倦的

8:cool off/down 变凉,冷静下来
The water is cooling down.水在凉下来.
His quiet advice cooled them down/off a little.他平心静气的劝告使他
们冷静了一些.

9:gather vi. 集合,使...聚集(常与together 连用)/The teacher gathered his students
together.老师把学生集合到一块.
vt. 收集,采集/gather experience/wealth 积累经验/财富
皱眉/gather brows 蹙眉 /gather skirt 褶裙

10:dip vt.浸入,插入/She dipped her hand in the water.她把手在水中浸一下.
dip in(to)/The gull dipped in the water.海鸥掠过水面.
浏览
dip into/It’s enough to dip into it and read bits here and there.
这种书只需浏览,这儿读一点,那儿读一点就行了.
n. 洗澡,游泳/He likes to have a dip in the river.他喜欢在河里游泳.

11:chat vi. 闲聊,闲谈/Several school girls were chatting over tea.有几个女生边喝茶
边聊天.
chat with sb.
n. 闲聊 have a chat

12:rate n.比例,速度,费用
decrease/lower the birth 降低出生率
raise the transport rates 提高运费
an interest rate 利率
postal rates 邮资
walk at the rate of 4 kilometers an hour 以时速4公里的速度步行
hotel rates 旅馆住宿费
at reduced rates 以折扣价格
v.评价,认为/I rate the work very highly.那件作品我给予相当高的评价.
rate +adj./She rates as a kind woman.她被认为是位和蔼可亲的女人.

13:arrangement n.布置/The new arrangement of furniture makes the room more brautiful.
重新布置家具使室内更漂亮.
准备(用复数)/We have finished all the arrangements for the meeting.
我们已完成了会议的所有准备工作.
协定/We came to an arrangements with him.我们跟他达成了协议.

Unit 16
1:entry n.进入,入场,出赛
a forcible entry into a house 非法侵入民宅
China’s first entry into the Olympic Games.中国首次参加奥林匹克运动会
The sign says “No entry”标示牌上写着 “禁止入内”
项目,词条(词条)同item /dictionary entries 字典
book-keeping by double entry 复式簿记
make an entry of 把...计入
n. entrance 入口
a back/rear entrance 后门
a front/main entrance 前门
a side entrance 侧门

2:mental adj.精神上的,智力上的 (反-physical)
mental power 智力
mental disease 精神病
a mental hospital 精神病院
a mental test 智力测验
make a mental note of ...将...记在脑中
n.mentality 脑力,智力(u) a person of low mentality 智力低的人

3:physical adj. 身体的,物质的/We’ll have a physical examination tomorrow.
明天我们要进行体检.
physical exercise 体操,运动
physical strength 体力
physical environment 自然环境
a physical change 物理变化

4:greedy adj. 贪婪的,贪得的/He is greedy of[for] money.他贪财.
贪吃的,嘴馋的/I was greedy an I suffered for it in the night.我很贪吃,
夜间特别难受.
n. greed 贪婪 adv. greedily 贪婪地

5:sacrifice n. 牺牲.祭品
animal sacrifice 牲畜的祭品
at the sacrifice of...以...为牺牲/He saved her at the sacrifice of
his life.他为救她而牺牲.
vi.牺牲 sacrifice oneself for(to) 为...牺牲自己
献祭/They sacrificed an oxen to Jupiter.他们以一头公牛向朱比特(罗马
的主神)献祭.

6:former adj. 以前的
in former times 往昔
former boyfriend 前男友
n. 前者 the former
后者 the later

7:injustice n.不公正,非正义
反 justice 公平,正义
do sb. justici 平心而论,公平对待/To do him justice, he is not equal
to the job.平心而论,他不胜任这工作.

8:vain adj. 徒劳的,无效的
a vain effort 徒劳的努力
a vain resistance 徒劳的抵抗
空虚的,无益的/Don’t waste your life in vain pleasure.不要把你的生命浪
费在无益的享乐上.
自负的,虚荣心强的/I don’t like vain woman.我不喜欢虚荣心强的女人.
in vain 徒然的,无益的 此时vain 为名词,而整个作为副词短语用.
He tried ,but in vain.

9:dawn n. 黎明 (不加冠词)/All night they waited anxiously for the dawn.整夜他们焦急
地等候着天亮.
at/before dawn 在黎明时/前
(事物的)起始/the dawn of civilization 文明的开端
vi.破晓/The next morning dawned warm and bright.第二天早晨天亮时暖和又晴朗.
开始了解
dawn on/Suddenly the truth dawned on me.我突然了解真相.
It dawned on sb. wh-/that

10:chance n. 偶然,运气/He left everything to chance.他一切都听凭运气.
希望,可能性
a/the chance of/for /He has no chance of/for succeeding.
to do 他没有成功的希望
vi.chance to do 碰巧
by chance 偶然地
take a chance 冒险
take one’s chance 听凭运气,听其自然

11:overcome vt. 克服=get over 征服
He was overcome by the heat.他热坏了.(受不了热)
overcame overcome

12:leave alone 不干预,让一个人待着
Leave me alone 不要管我的事

13:insist vt. 坚持,主张
insist on (doing /sb.doing) 坚持做
insist that(should) do /He insist that everyone should obey him.他
坚持人人要服从他.
坚决认为,坚持说/He insisted that he was innocent.他坚持他无辜.
n. insistence 极力主张

14:put out 伸出,逐出/He put out his hand to welcome me.他伸出手来欢迎我.
熄灭(灯火),扑灭/Put out the light(fire) at once.请立刻熄灯(火).
put up at a hotel 住宿在旅馆
put up one’s hand 举手
put up with 忍受...

15:plain adj. 明白的,清楚的
a plain fact 明白的事实
It is plain that=clear 很明显/It is plain that you are wrong.很明显你
错了.
朴素/plain living 简朴的生活
直率的/to be plain with you 老实告诉你
完全的,彻底的/plain madness 完全疯了
plain –clothes 便衣的
adv.坦白地/speak plain(plainly) 坦白地说
n. 平原,旷野

16:resist vt. 抵抗，反抗/They fought bravely to resist the enemy.他们顽强抵抗敌人.
耐，防/resist rust 防锈
n.resistance 抵抗力

17:chief n. 首长，首领
the chief of the state /one’s department 国家元首/某处的处长
in chief 总，主要地/He is an editor in chief.他是总编辑.
adj.为首的，主要的
a chief editor/engineer/justice 总编辑/总工程师/法院院长
the chief rivers of China.中国的主要河流
adv.chiefly 首先,尤其

18:in turn 依次地/The children got on the train in turn.儿童们依次上了火车.
out of turn 不按顺序
take turns 轮流

19:supply vt.供给
supply sb.with sth./They supplied him with food.他们供给他食物
supply sth. to/for sb.
满足,补充
supply the need for 满足...的需求
supply a loss 弥补损失
n.供给
the supply of gas=the gas supply 煤气的供应
be in short supply ...短缺
供应品,日用品(常用复数)
get an adequate supply of food 得到足够的食物供给
have a new supplies of bag 新进的提包
the medical supplies 医疗用品

20:chain n.链/He kept a dog on a chain.他将狗拴在链子上.
(用复数)束缚(同bondage)/He is in chains.他身系囹圄.
be put in chains 被戴上镣铐
连续的事物/a chain of happenings 一连串的事件
v.chain... to .../He chained his dog to a tree.他用铁栓将狗栓在树上.

Unit 17
1:ability n. 本事,能力,才能
have the/an ability to do...有做某事的能力
Man has the ability to speak.人有说话的本能.
have great/outstanding/remarkable abilities in 在...方面能力强
of ability 有才的/I’ll do it to the best of my ability.我要尽力地做这件
事.
great ability 天才
to the best of one’s ability 尽力地
反 inability 无...能力
disability 伤残(而失去能力)
同 capability 有能力
adj. able

2:sadewalk n. 人行道
from side to side 左右地
side by side 并排肩=shoulder to shoulder

3:fair adj.公正的.公平的(同just 反unfair)
be fair with sb. /He is fair with his students.他对学生一视同仁.
fairer,fairest

4:assist vt.帮助,援助
assist sb. to do
with +n.
in doing
The teacher was assisting his students to do the experiment.
with the experiment
in doing the experiment
老师在帮助他的学生做试验.

5:sympathy n.同情,赞同
have sympatht for 对...怜悯/同情
with one’s opinion 同意...的意见
be in sympathy with...同意(赞成)
be out of sympathy with...不同意(赞成)
express one’s sympathy with 表示对...的同情

6:encourage vt.鼓励
encourage sb./His success encouraged me.他的成功鼓励我.
encourage sb. to do
encourage sb. in +n. /Don’t encourage him in his idle ways.
不可助长他懒惰成性.
encourage doing

7:motivate vt.给予动机,激发,刺激/What motivated him to do such a thing?
是什么动机促使他做这种事呢?
成为(事情)的动机(常用被动语态)
The murder was motivated by hatred.那凶杀案是由仇恨所引起的.
n. motivation 诱因,真意,意图

8:adjust vt.使合于调节/I adjusted the radio dial.我调准了收音机的波段.
vi.使适应(同adapt)/He adjusted himself to the new life.他使自己适应了新的
生活.

9:get used to 表由习惯到习惯的过程/You’ll soon get(become) used to living here.
你会很快习惯住在这儿的.
used to do 时常做,习惯做/I used to go fishing on Sundays.我以前常在星期日去钓鱼.

10:ceremony n.仪式，典礼
a wedding /prize-giving ceremony 结婚/颁奖典礼
held/attend the graduation ceremony 举行/参加毕业典礼
an opening/closing ceremony 开幕/闭幕式
礼节
with ceremony 有礼地
without ceremony 不拘礼节
stand on ceremony 讲究礼节/Don’t stand on ceremony with me.
不要拘束,请随便

11:access n. 接近,出入,接近的方法
All students have access to the library.所有学生都可以进入图书馆.
通常不加冠词
adj.accessible 易接近的,容易取得的

Unit 18
1:heel n. 足跟,鞋跟/She was wearing high heels.她穿着高跟鞋.
on the heels of 紧跟...而来/Sorrow treads on the heels of joy.
悲哀紧跟着喜悦而来.
take to one’s heels 溜之大吉,逃走

2:patent n. 专利,专利权/apply for a patent 申请专利
He got (took out) a patent for[in] his invention.他取得发明的专利.
adj.patent medicine 专利药品
vt.取得...的专利

3:allow vt. 允许
allow sth./We can not allow such a thing.我们不允许这样的事发生.
allow sb. to do/My parents won’t allow me to stay out late.我父母不许我在外呆的很晚.
allow doing
allow sb. in/into
支付,给予
allow sb. money
allow for 考虑到,顾及/It will take thirty minutes to get to the station
allowing for traffic delay.在路上交通耽误考虑在内
到车站需30分钟.
allow of 允许

4:reject vt.拒绝接受,拒收,比refuse拒绝的方法更强硬,反义词accept
He rejected my suggestion.他拒绝了我的建议.
They have rejected my plan.他们拒绝了我的计划.
丢弃,抛开/She rejected her old clothes to her sister.
她把旧衣服都给了她的妹妹.
对...呈现排斥反应/The patient rejected the medicine.
这位病人对这种药不适应.

5:otherwise adv.用不同的方法,不同地/He should have done it otherwise.他应该用别的方
法做件事.
否则,不然/Otherwise he might have won.不然的话他可能会赢.
在其他方面,除了这点/He is slow.but otherwise he is a good worker.
他虽慢,但是在其他方面来说却是个好工人.

6:visible adj. 可见的 (反 invisible)
be visible from 从...可见到
be visible for 在...范围为可见
be visible to(one’s eye) 眼可见/It is not visible to the naked eye.
这是肉眼看不见的.
7:previous adj. 以前的,先的
=earlier ,former
previous to = before

8:aware adj.察觉到的,感觉到的
be aware of/He wasn’t aware of the danger.他没有察觉到危险.
aware that /wh-从句 察觉/Are you aware that you have hurt her feelings?
你有没有察觉到你已经伤害她的感情了呢?

9:trial n. 试,试验,审判
be on/under trial 在受审
give a trial 试了试
hold a trial 进行审判
bring to trial 审判某人

10:storage n. 贮藏,保管
be in storage /keep storage 存放起来
storehouse 仓库
storeroom 贮藏室

11:keep track of 记录,保持联系
track n.踪迹,足迹 (同trace) /follow the bear’s track 跟踪熊的足迹
the track of the storm 暴风雨的路径
run of(jump) the track 出轨


Unit 19
1:pay back 偿还,报答
pay for 替...付钱
pay off(the debts)

2:mercy n. 仁慈,怜悯
show mercy on/to sb.对...表示仁慈/怜悯
have mercy on sb.宽恕/可怜某人
at the mercy of 任...摆布
without mercy 残忍地
leave to the mercy of 让...听任...摆布
adj. merciful 慈悲为怀的
adj. merciless 毫无怜悯的
adv. mercifully 慈悲地
adv. mercilessly 毫无怜悯地

3:revenge vt.对(行为)复仇,报仇/The boy swore to revenge his father.
那个男孩发誓要为他父亲报仇.
be revenged on/I’ll revenged on them for this.
我要向他们报这个仇.
take revenge on ...向...报仇
4:enemy n. 敌人
make an enemy of sb. 与...为敌
have make enemies 树敌太多

5:go about 着手，开始做
go about your business 去做你自己的事（不要多管闲事）
go about job

6:judge vt.审判,判决
judge sb. /The court judged him(to be) guilty.法庭判他无罪.
sb.to be
判断
judge sb. by/You can’t judge a man by his appearance.你不可以以貌取人.
judge that /I judge that he is a good man.我认为他是好人.
n.judgement 判断，裁决
make a judgement on 对...下判断

7:greet vt.打招呼/She greeted me.她向我打招呼.
迎接/The star was greeted with.这影星受到热烈的欢迎.

8:envy n. 嫉妒，羡慕
feel envy at.../I felt envy at his success.我羡慕他的成功.
with envy/I look with envy at his new bike.我以羡慕的眼光看着他的自行车.
out of envy 出于妒忌

9:accuse vt.(因...)控告,告发,指责/The police accused him(of theft).警察控告他(偷窃)
accuse+名+(of名)/She accused him of being late.她指责他迟到.
He was accused of murder.他被控谋杀.

10:bless vt.(blest,blest)祝福,保佑/The priest blessed his flock at the church.
教士在教堂中为教徒们祈福.
赐予/bless with
May God bless you with luck.愿上帝赐你好运.
be blessed with/I am blessed with good health.我幸而身体好.

11:deed n. =act 行为
in deed/He was honourabled in word and in deeds.他言行诚信(in 后无the)
do a good deed 做好事诚信可敬
an evil deed 恶行 a heroic deed 英勇行为

12:worthy adj.值得,有价值
be worthy of consideration/praise
The job is not worthy of him.这工作不值得由他来做.
He is not worthy of the job.他做不了这工作.

13:sword n. 剑,刀
fall by one’s sword 倒在...的剑下
draw the sword 拔剑

Unit 20
1:decoration n.装饰,装潢
decorate the room with flowers 用花装饰房间
put chrismas decorations on the tree

2:spear n. 矛,枪
spearhead 矛头,枪尖
throw a spear at the lion 向狮子投掷枪矛
vt. 用枪矛刺

3:pot n.壶,锅,盆
a tea pot 茶壶/a kitchen pot 炒菜锅/a flower pot 花盆
sugar pot 糖罐/coffee pot 咖啡壶/flowerpot

4:distinction n. 区别/He is fair to us without distinction.他对我们很公平,没有区别待遇.
be distinct from ...和...不同/Mice are distinct from rats.鼹鼠和老鼠显然不同.

5:arrow n.箭/Time flies like an arrow.光阴似箭.
箭状物/a traffic arrow 交通箭头标志

6:dozen n.一打,十二个
a dozen eggs 一打鸡蛋
half a dozen children 五六个孩子
用法:
(1) 被数词修饰时,用单数,常省去of
(不带of与百、千、万用法同，省去of与score 用法同)
three dozen(of) eggs 六十个鸡蛋
(2)被不定代词（some,several,many等）修饰，dozen 用单数时不加of,用复数时须加
of
many/several dozen people
many/several dozens of peoplr 若干人
比较： some dozen people 大约十二个人
some dozens of people 几十个人
(3)代词，指示代词，物主代词前的of不可去掉（百、千、万及score的用法相同）
a/two dozen of us/these people 我们/这些/人当中的十二人/二十四人
(4)名词须用复数加of
（百、千、万与score 用法同）
dozens of people 几十个人

7:spare adj. 备用的，额外的
spare room 空房间
spare time 业余时间
a spare tire 业余轮船
be spare of 缺乏/The boy is spare of speech 那小孩很少说话.

8:tend vi.有...的倾向，时常...
tend to do/The world population tends to increase more and more.世界
的人口有渐渐增加的倾向.
tend to 朝某方向，趋于/The wind is tending to the south.
People tend to get fat when they grow older.

9:average n.平均数/Do you know how to work out an average?你知道如何计算
平均值吗?
on the average 平均
adj. 平均的，普通的
the average temperature 平均温度
the average man 普通人

10:link n. 链环，连接物 a link in a chain 锁链的一环
联系，连接 a link between drink and liver trouble 喝酒与肝病的关系
vt.和...有联系/The two accidents are closely linked together.
这两个意外事件有密切联系.

11:in the eyes of 在...看来
in the eyes of the law 从法律的观点来看
eg: In my eyes ,that’ll do.我看那样行.
have a sharp eye 有敏锐的目光

12:remote adj.遥远的，偏远的
remote control 远程遥控

13:distant adj.遥远的
one’s distant relative 远亲
The station is two rules distant (=far away) from the school.
车站离学校两公里.
adj.疏远的，冷淡的
He took a distant attitude towards me.他对我采取冷淡态度.

14:lend a hand 帮助
=give sb. a hand/favor
have a hand in 参与

15:quantity n. 量，份量/I prefer quality to quantity.我重质不重量.
a large(small) quantity of （少）量的（可以修饰可数或不可数名词）
quantities of...大量的，大批的/We have had quantities of polluted water
are flour.我们有大量的面粉.
in quantity 大量地，很多/The printing office buys paper in quantity.
那家印刷公司成批买纸.
16:serve as 作为，当作
eg:The box served us as a table.那箱子供我们作为桌子之用.
His father served his country as a policeman.他的父亲当警察以报效国家.

17:mask n.面具
a masked woman 带着面具的女人
throw off one’s mask 摘下假面具
a gas mask 防毒面具

18:dig up 挖出，掘起
eg:The old coins were dug up.他挖到古币.

19:accompany vt.陪伴，陪同
eg:I accompanied him to the concert.我陪他去音乐会.
by accompanied with 在...的陪同下
伴奏 /accompany sb. on +乐器
eg:He accompanied the singer on the piano.他弹钢琴为那歌手伴奏.

20:vast adj.巨大的，庞大的
a vast crowd 一大群人
a vast hall 一个大厅
a vast sum of money 一大笔钱

21:square adj. 平方的，正方形的
a square table 一张圆桌
a square root 平方根
cubic 立方的 round 圆的 flat 扁的