像Alan Shore一样思考

時雨

2008-06-19 16:02:16 来自: 時雨(Ex Occidente Lex)

看Boston Legal(波士顿法律),看点之一就是Alan精彩的结辩,给我们一种感觉,Alan或者说律师们有一种颠倒黑白的能力,任何道理从律师口中说出,都可以变一个味儿,而仔细思考一番,又会发现其中确实有道理,能说得通。所以律师给人的印象不佳,我们可以从以下这个关于律师的笑话管中窥豹一下:

我们已经劫持了这辆汽车,车上有50名律师,马上给我们准备5000万美金和一架直升机,1小时之后,若我们还看不到钱和直升机,那我们将每隔5分钟放一名律师下去。

Alan说过这么一句话,“我可以为任何事情辩护”。这么说并不过分,如我们所知,对于事物的理解可以有多个方面,就像我们经常引用“横看成岭侧成峰”这句话。同样是美国律政剧的Shark在第一集就强调了:真相是相对了,挑有用的用。

以上道理我们大多都可了解,但要做到这一点不是那么容易。我们经常会在Boston Legal看到检方(Denny Crane也说过一次)在指控或者结辩的时候使用这个思维模式:He/She breaks the law; the law is law; he/she is guilty(他/她违法了;法律就是法律;他/她有罪)。这是典型的三段论方式。

但Alan在结辩中往往会用到这个套路:阐述某条法律的立法渊源,背景,以及这条法律的根本目的,然后说明如果适用在当下的案子上,会不符合这条法律最初设计的那些背景,诸如此类。简单得说,用一种法律之上的道德或者其它什么原则来证明自己的观点,以此来超越三段论。

这样做能行得通自然是有道理的,法律从来都不是孤立存在的,尤其是法律的渊源,牵扯着极深的经济学、社会学以及心理学内容,所以我篡改了里根的话: “法律的一半是经济,经济的一半是心理”。而Alan在各种案件中运用到的知识之广博,对于各种资讯了解之丰富,令人钦佩赞叹。如同布兰代兹所说:“一个没有研究过经济学和社会学的法律人极有可能成为人民的公敌。”

而我们所羡慕的Alan的口才,不过是他丰富知识储备的表现罢了,没有背后深刻的知识储备,最多只能如毛泽东的一幅对联所说:“山间竹笋,嘴尖皮厚腹中空;墙上芦苇,头重脚轻根底浅”。按照马克思主义哲学,这叫做表现形式和本质。企图模仿Alan的口才,就像大学里面的辩论赛一样,我们往往追求的是口舌之快,辩论之技巧,忽视了辩论口才背后的知识储备和思维方法,不能不说这是一个遗憾。但在中国的大学里面,遗憾还少吗?

原帖于本人BLOG: http://shiyuhang.org/blog/208.html

  • rena!exander

    2008-06-19 18:54:23 rena!exander (开始领先课程进度。)

    恩好~~

  • PiDoG

    2008-06-19 21:23:06 PiDoG (Hero进行中)

    lz把博文发到这来了啊?

  • 血色の翼

    2008-06-19 21:25:35 血色の翼

    呵呵 很支持呢

  • 時雨

    2008-06-20 00:03:09 時雨 (Ex Occidente Lex)

    是啊是啊
    本来写在BLOG上的

  • Velvet

    2008-07-06 22:56:49 Velvet (the Dreamers)

    很不错的评论啊~

  • pobo

    2008-07-12 20:07:32 pobo (熊要过冬了~每天都是灰色的)

    所以要多看书啊

  • 老陈

    2008-07-21 11:06:06 老陈

    评的不错,律师就是凭的三寸不烂之舌

    顺便说一下,那副联的上下联顺序是

    墙上芦苇,头重脚轻根底浅
    山间竹笋,嘴尖皮厚腹中空

    作者是明朝的解缙. ^^

  • 堪笑我心

    2008-07-22 11:32:56 堪笑我心

    逻辑才是王道啊~以下一个非典型案例证明Alan的鬼才

    Alan Shore的结案陈词(中英文对照)
    Why are we here?
    我们在这里干什么?

    Certainly not because of evidence. There isn’t any.
    当然不是因为证据确凿。根本就没有证据。

    Any witnesses see my client give her husband viagra?
    有人看到我的当事人给她丈夫服用伟哥了吗?

    Anybody see her put nitroglycerine into his wine?
    有人看见她把硝化甘油倒进他的酒里了吗?

    No, we’re being asked to assume that evil.
    没有,我们只是被要求来假定这种罪恶的行为。

    Well, why can’t we impute the same sinister mentality to the deceased?
    那好,我们为什么不能来假定死者本身的行为带有恶意呢?

    Because people just don’t take their own lives?
    因为人们不会自杀?

    We have over a million suicides across the globe every year, a million.
    全球每年有超过一百万的人自杀,一百万!

    Suicide is a much more common and therefore plausible thing than murder,
    自杀比谋杀更常见和被接受,

    so why are we here?
    那么我们在这里干什么?

    Because Kelly Nolan had a blank expression on her face when the police arrived at the scene?
    因为警察到达现场的时候Kelly Nolan一副毫无表情的面孔?

    She was in shock, for God’s sake. Her huand had just died right before her eyes.
    看在上帝的份上,她当时大受打击啊!她的丈夫就在她眼前死去。

    Fingerprints on the wineglass?
    酒杯上的指纹?

    It was her house. She was having wine with her husband. Is it so inconceivable that she would touch his glass?
    那可是她家。她曾和丈夫一起喝酒。你能想象她不会接触到他的酒杯吗?

    And if she were guilty,
    而如果是她做的,

    don’t you think she would have wiped the glass clean or washed it,so the nitro wouldn’t have been detected?
    你们不认为她会把杯子抹干净或者洗干净,以使硝化甘油不会被检测出来?

    Why are we here?
    我们在这里干什么?

    Because her husband allegedly threatened to cut her out of his will two days before?
    因为她的丈夫在两天前威胁要把她从遗嘱中移去?

    According to Kelly, that never happened.
    Kelly说,这从来没有发生过。

    The housekeeper says it did, but this is a witness who admittedly loathed my client, who admittedly concealed information From me so that she could do more damage at trial.
    是管家说的,但这个证人十分厌恶我的当事人,以至于对我隐瞒了信息,从而使她可以在庭上获得更有破坏力的效果。

    She has a bias, and the prosecution offered nobody to corroborate her.
    她存有偏见,而且没有人能够证明她所说的是事实。

    So why are we here?
    那么我们在这里干什么?

    The coronary joke made to the boyfriend, suspiciously coincidental, but that was something she said, not did, and she said it in jest. Let’s remember, there is no suggestion that either the boyfriend or the housekeeper took this remark seriously for a second.
    对,她和她男朋友所说的关于心脏病的笑话,这符合猜测,但是她只是在说,她没有做,而且她是在开玩笑。让我们想一下,并没有迹象表明,她男朋友或者管家曾把这些话当回事。

    If they did, why did they not contact the police?
    如果他们真的相信了,为什么他们不联系警方?

    There is simply no evidence that would allow you to conclude beyond all reasonable doubt that Kelly Nolan killed her husband, so why are we here?
    这儿根本就没有证据可以让你们排除任何合理的怀疑而做出结论,认为Kelly Nolan杀了她的丈夫,那我们在这里干什么?

    But as long as we are, what about the police?
    但既然我们已经在这里了,那么警方那边怎么样?

    They admittedly didn’t investigate any other theory, including suicide.
    他们承认了根本就没有调查过其他的可能性,包括自杀。

    You heard detective Richmond.
    你们都听过了Richmond探员的证词。

    They immediately focused on Kelly and only Kelly because she’s the one they wanted to get.
    他们立即锁定了Kelly而且只锁定了Kelly,因为她是他们想要抓的人。

    And I don’t know about you, but I certainly find it curious that the prosecution, instead of reprising evidence in his closing argument, chose to focus on my client’s testimonial demeanor.
    我不知道你们怎么想的,但是我的确发现这个起诉人很奇怪,他不在结案陈词中强调证据,反而把焦点对准我当事人的言行举止。

    What the hell is that?
    这到底在搞什么?

    He wants you to convict her of murder because she came off as cold in the witness chair.
    他要你们定她的罪,因为她在证人席上表现得很冷淡。

    I saw cold, too. But what I mainly observed was somebody who was rigidly unapologetic.
    我也觉得她很冷淡。但我更在意的是某人有着严谨的辩词。

    Well, wrongly accused people tend to be that way.
    好吧,蒙冤错判的人一般都是这样子的。

    How warm would any of you be if you were falsely accused of murder, if you were made sport of by the media, if your privacy was violated and naked pictures of you were posted in the internet?
    如果你被错判谋杀,如果你被媒体所围堵,如果你的隐私被侵犯了,而你的 ** 在网上到处都是,你们当中还有谁能够保持笑容?

    People who are unrelentingly vilified tend to end up cold and hard.
    遭到无情谩骂的人通常都会变得冷酷无情。

    Kelly Nolan has emotionally shut down. She cannot feel, she cannot emote and she cannot fake vulnerability for the purpose of appealing to a jury’s sympathy.
    Kelly Nolan关闭了她的情感之门。她不能感受,不能表达,而她也不能因为要获得陪审团的同情而假装孱弱。

    She’s innocent, and she’s not required to prove it.
    她是无辜的,而她不需要去证明这点。

    Schadenfreude.
    Schadenfreude(幸灾乐祸)。

    From the German words schaden and freude, “damage” and “joy”.
    这个词源于与德语的schaden and freude,意思是“毁灭”和“快乐”

    It means to take spiteful, malicious delight in the misfortune of others.
    它的意思是把自己的快乐建立在别人的痛苦不幸之上。

    We used to dismiss this as simply an ugly side of human nature, but it is much, much more than that.
    我们常把它归到人性的丑恶面之中,但是远远不止如此。

    Recently, a Stanford professor actually captured schadenfreude on a brain scan.
    最近斯坦福大学的一名教授在脑部扫描中发现了schadenfreude的存在。

    It’s a physiological medical phenomenon.
    这是一种生理现象。

    When we see others fall, it sometimes causes a chemical to be released in the dorsal striatum of the brain, which actually causes us to feel pleasure.
    当我们看到其他人失败,有时候大脑的背纹状体会产生一种化学物质使我们感到愉快。

    If you watch the news or read the papers, which of course you don’t, because the judge said not to, but if you did, you would see the undeniable delicious joy of the media and the public over Kelly Nolan’s plight.
    如果你们看到新闻或者读过报纸,当然你们不会,因为法官说了不允许,但是假设你们看过,你们会发现媒体和大众对Kelly Nolan所处的困境怀着一种难以抗拒的快感

    I have no doubt that you want Kelly Nolan to be punished.
    我不怀疑你们要Kelly Nolan受到惩罚。

    She married for money. She had an affair. She carried on naked in the pool with her boyfriend. She’s cold, materialistic, unlikable.
    她为钱结婚,他有婚外情。她赤身裸体和男朋友在泳池边嬉戏。她冷酷,无情,不讨人喜欢。

    And it might bring you all pleasure to see her go to jail,
    看到她进监狱也许会让你们所有人感到愉快,

    but as for evidence to establish that she committed a murder beyond all reasonable doubt,
    it just isn’t there.
    但是作为能够排除所有合理怀疑裁定她谋杀罪名成立的证据,就是不存在。

    The only possible route to a guilty verdict here is… schadenfreude.
    而作出有罪裁决的唯一理由就是… schadenfreude.

    Thank you.
    谢谢!

    ----------------------------------------------------------
    以一个原点为基准,环环相扣地条陈出所有对自己有利或无利的结论,合情合理合法,这样的律师,堪称法庭上的无冕之王了

  • 時雨

    2008-07-22 11:35:16 時雨 (Ex Occidente Lex)

    以上那段辩词我看过很多遍
    应该是三个原点吧 算是三套说辞了

  • 小甜米

    2008-07-22 12:37:07 小甜米 (Saving me~)

    boston legal和shark的感觉太不一样了

    boston legal喜欢看里面的closing
    shark喜欢里面的opening


  • Irina

    2008-09-03 17:12:39 Irina (Been There,Done That~~~)

    超喜欢他这段closing~~~虽然不懂什么专业知识,但是被他那种凌厉的思维所吸引~~~

  • 樱友藏的小孙女

    2009-01-23 17:11:05 樱友藏的小孙女

    “但在中国的大学里面,遗憾还少吗? ”

    什么英语辩论赛都是事先写好稿子拿上去念的。偶当时就无语了。

  • Lydion

    2009-01-25 22:17:19 Lydion (have an elephant in my room)

    其实美国法律事务中所使用的逻辑要比剧中所展示的不知要复杂多少倍。所以我们看到更多的是总结陈辞,这个很大程度上是给没有专业知识的陪审团来听的,所以关键在于修辞和打动,并非真正的法律论证——这些黑话只有控辩双方的律师和法官心知肚明,最后也会体现在法官为陪审团判决结果所撰写的判决书中,当然律师那些具有强大蛊惑力量的言辞也无一不是枯燥无聊的法条和先例的活化。交叉询问也只是为了在陪审团眼前尽情表演。closing是律师们向对手的最后一击。换了Shark,为什么更多地是在展示opening?因为他是检察官呐~~~

  • Rachel

    2009-02-02 14:55:45 Rachel (Screw you!)

    给"黑寡妇"的那段closing也是我最爱的

  • tulku

    2009-02-26 14:59:31 tulku

    雄辩精彩,思维缜密,语言有魅力

  • 2009-09-18 14:29:45 火棉

    唔。这一段closing也是目前为止最喜欢的一段

  • 香草天空

    2009-10-13 08:17:08 香草天空

    好贴,mark一下

  • Aoki

    2009-10-13 10:04:02 Aoki

    十分赞同lz的观点。

    另外, 大学生辩论赛最让我觉得失望的是原创性的观点很少, 尤其是辩论过程中引用的例子都是陈年旧物或被用烂的教材里的老掉牙例子, 现代的例子极少极少,比如说企业家道德之类的, 大家好像就只知道用比尔盖茨的例子,但就很少人说李开复,乔布斯,Donal Trump, 任正非等等,他们也都具传奇性色彩, 但都很少见有人引用。

  • 了断旧居

    2009-10-20 00:12:49 了断旧居 (BMW别摸我,MSN摸死你)

    Schadenfreude 这集确实很精彩,就我现在看完的前2季来说,属这一集的论点最精彩、最独到,陈词时的表演最棒。

  • Jujube

    2009-10-27 10:29:56 Jujube (每段时光都是最好的时光)

    我也觉得Schadenfreude这集很赞!Alan把这个词解释完的时候,我就觉得鸡皮疙瘩起了半身,呼吸都不敢大幅度。。

  • richard

    2009-12-06 14:39:01 richard (快乐是一件多么唯心的事情)

    好文
    赞楼主

  • Linally

    2009-12-07 03:09:18 Linally

    楼主的头像是法律出版社的商标……
    果然,行内人士


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