有用的句式

1. counterproductive adj.产生相反效果（结果）的
e.g. It is counterproductive to be too tough: it just makes the staff resentful.
e.g. Although the speaker overlooks certain circumstances in which undue skepticism might be counterproductive, and even harmful, on balance I agree that we should not passively accept whatever is passed off as fact; otherwise, human knowledge would never advance.

2. seminal adj.萌芽的，潜在的；开创性的；有重大影响的
e.g. in the seminal state （在萌芽状态）|| seminal thoughts || seminal principle（基本原则）
e.g. a seminal book/poet || This experiment was to have a seminal influence on his own political development.

3. forgo v.放弃 (The choice to forgo his security is always available, although it might carry unpleasant consequence)

4. intuition n.直觉 （I will trust my strong intuition that free will is an essential part of our being as humans.）

5. satisfy v.证明是正当的，公证的；为…寻找正当理由
e.g. Such action can be justified on the grounds of greater efficiency.
e.g. In the final analysis, government cannot philosophically justify assisting large cities for the purpose of either promoting or preserving the nation's cultural traditions; nor is government assistance necessary toward these ends.

6. resort to … 诉诸…
e.g. no necessity to resort to violent actions such as demonstration, riot or rebel.
conduce

7. hinge on … 以…为转移，靠…转动
e.g. The claim that society’s destiny hinges on how children are socialized, while appealing in some respects, is an over-statement at best.

8. at best 最多，充其量；以最乐观的观点来看

9. collaborate to …
e.g. For example, scientists, researchers, and even computer programmers must collaborate to establish common goals, coordinate efforts, and meet time lines.

10. lend some credence to … 提供支持
e.g. While our everyday experience might lend credence to this assertion.
e.g. Recent advances in molecular biology and genetics lend some credence to this position, by suggesting that these determining physical forces include our own individual genetic makeup.

11. dimension n.大小；体积；程度；范围
e.g. a creature of huge dimensions. || I did not realize the dimensions of the problem.
e.g. There is a dimension to the problem that we have not discussed. || various dimensions of human experience.

12. detractor n.损毁者；贬低者

13. amount to … 相当于；等于
e.g. What you say amounts to a direct accusation.
e.g. Even where a fiction work amounts to pure fantasy, with no historical context, it can still hold more lasting significance than a factual account.

14. fruit ion n.享用, 结果实, 成就, 实现
e.g. It is the famous few that provide vision of the future, visions which groups then bring to fruition.
e.g. bring one's plans to fruition || After years of hard work, his hopes came to fruition.
reap v.收获；收割 （The consumer reaps rich rewards from this competitive spirit.）

15. inspire v.激励或鼓舞
e.g. To begin with, learning about key historical figures inspires us to achieve great things ourselves --- far more so than learning about the conditions of groups of people.

16. provide necessary impetus for … 给与…动力
e.g. It is almost always a key individual who provide the necessary imputes for what otherwise might be a group effort, as discussed below.

17. favor v.赐予；给与
e.g. He was favored with great intelligence. || adduce facts to favor one’s contention.

18. paradigm n.样式；典范；范例 （educational paradigms）

19. obscure v.使阴暗；使朦胧
e.g. Generally speaking, then, undue attention to the efforts and contributions of various groups tends to obscure the cause and effect relationship with which the study of history is chiefly concerned.

20. take steps to … （take step to help alleviate social problems）

21. serve useful purposes for …
e.g. I agree insofar as some common core curriculum would serve useful purposes for any nation
e.g. immediate disclosure would have served no useful purpose and might even have resulted in mass hysteria.

22. nascent adj.初生的 （in a nascent condition/stage/state || a nascent industry/ literature/art）

23. reach a （fully informed） consensus as to …对于达成共识

24. unfettered adj.除去脚镣的；自由而不受约束的

25. irrespective of whether … 无论如何
e.g. While we must invest in research irrespective of whether the results might be controversial.

26. draw a distinction between … （One useful approach is to draw a distinction between personal morality and public morality）

27. catalyst n.催化剂；刺激因素
e.g. circumstance often serves as a catalyst for heroism.

28. account for …解释原因
e.g. This combination of very high density of population, goods and services, and machines, all increasing with almost brutal speed, does account for some really antisocial tendencies in modern urban growth.

29. proviso n.限制性条款；（附带）条件
e.g. The carpenter agreed to do the work, with the proviso that he was paid in advance.
e.g. Aside from the two forgoing provisos, however, I fundamentally disagree with the speaker’s claim.

30. conversely adv.相反的 （They hold converse opinion || Without knowledge, we can hardly survive through abominable conditions, depending solely on the admiration of the beings derived from imagination. Conversely, without imagination, we can as well not possible to get through due to the impediment of knowledge and the depletion of spiritual asylums.）

31. core values upon which any ( democratic ) society depends to thrive. 一个社会赖以繁荣的价值核心

32. be superior (in …) to … 比更好，更优秀
e.g. this engine is superior in every respect to that. || whenever moving images are central to an event the video camera is superior to a written word.

33. proceeding n.行动, 进行,会议录, 学报 （legal proceeding || governmental proceedings）

34. thwart v.反对；妨碍；挫败
e.g. the government’s strategies for thwarting specific plans of an international terrorist or a drug trafficker.

35. public panic 公众恐慌

36. unprecedented adj.空前的，史无前例的 （the society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented）

37. inexorable adj. 不可阻挡的；坚持不懈的；无情的 （Facts are inexorable || the inexorable march of science）

38. Science is on the march. || the march of science/events/time

39. make great effort 努力； make every effort 尽一切努力；overcome a myriad of political impediments克服政治障碍

40. a myriad of 无数，数不清 （Each galaxy contains myriad of stars）

41. while parochial social problems go unsolved. || mitigate(缓和) the problems || address pressing social problems

42. take precedence over …
e.g. This interest might take precedence over the historic value of an old structure that stands in the way of a parking structure.

43. strike a balance among competing interest

44. serve as a substitute for …取代…
be superceded by 代替；取代
e.g. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options.

45. 源自于：
emerge from … （in every age and culture some worthwhile art and literature emerges from the mediocrity.）
stem from … （prevailing attitudes about sexual morality stem from the ideas of key religious leaders）
spring from…
e.g. this desire to identify oneself with an exclusive social group seems to spring from some innate psychological need to define one's self through one's personal associations.

46. 坏影响；负面影响：
detrimental effects of … （In politics, the detrimental effects of competition are blatant.）
negative/adverse effects on/to

1. 名人
notable figures
celebrity
elite
personality （television personalities）

2. 普遍；普及
prevailing adj.普遍的；流行的；占优势的 （the prevailing view in Western corporate culture || prevailing principle）
popular adj.
prevalent adj. （The habit of traveling by aircraft is becoming more prevalent each year.）

3. 灌输；教育
instill v. （Courtesy must be instilled in childhood || Morality may be instilled into their minds）
inculcate v. （inculcate the young with a sense of duty.）
impart v. （A good teacher imparts wisdom to his pupils.）
foster v.养育, 抚育, 培养, 鼓励（Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help foster friendly relations between our two universities. || detect and foster artistic talent. || to foster an interest in music）
nurture v.养育, 给与营养物, 教养 （While the speaker might overlook the benefits of nurturing certain emotions and feels, on balance I agree that …）

4. 充满；装满
be laden with … （History is laden with unusual claims || be laden with responsibility）
be replete with … （Modern politics is replete with examples of what most people would consider personal ethical fallings）
be fraught with … (a complex issue that is fraught with the problems of defining ethics, morality, and successful leadership）

5. 癖性；偏好
idiosyncratic adj.特性的；癖性的 （Given a choice they will pursue their own idiosyncratic area of interest.）
inclination n. （follow one's own inclination || I have no inclination to be a doctor.）

6. 若干重；若干刃
a double-edged sword 双刃剑
e.g. This type of advertisement can be a doubt-edged sword, when the product does not make the person “be like” the person in the advertisement, there can be disappointment and disillusionment with the product.
a two-edged weapon 双重武器
e.g. As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.
twofold/threefold/manifold adj.双重/三重/多种
e.g. We have to ask ourselves very seriously what will happen is this twofold use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing power, continues.
e.g. The City Council has a manifold plan to beautify the city.

7. have little bearing on … 与…无关
e.g. Moreover, assisting large cities would have little bearing on our distinct cultural traditions, which abide elsewhere.
with respect to… 关于
e.g. Personal economic success might be due either to one's investment strategy or to one's work or career. With respect to the former, non-conformists with enough risk tolerance and patience invariably achieve more success than conformists. With respect to the latter, while non-conformists are more likely to succeed in newer industries where markets and technology are in constant flux, conformists are more likely to succeed in traditional service industries ensconced in systems and regulations.

8. 先天的，天生的
innate adj.先天的, 天生的 （Correct ideas are not innate in the mind, but come from social practice.）
[O] acquired adj.后天习得的
inborn adj.天生的 （an inborn sense of the appropriate || inborn intelligence）

9. 利用；有益于
conduce to 有助于
e.g. encouraging students to question and criticize is conducing to the development of democratic spirits.
be beneficial to …
e.g. A national core curriculum would be beneficial to a nation in a number of respects.
harness v.利用
e.g. The dilemma facing leaders in all areas of life is how to best assess these individuals to determine how to best harness heir capabilities to reach their ultimate productive capabilities.
take advantage of …
make its contribution to …

10. 消除；减轻
eliminate v. 排除，消除 （eliminate the false and retain the true || eliminate the possibility of= preclude the possibility of）
diminish v. 使减小，使变少 （diminish one’s reputation || diminish the cost of production）
undermine v.破坏，削弱 （formal study of the present culture at the expanse of studying past cultures can undermine the function of higher education, and ultimately provide a disservice to students and to society.）

11. 恶化；加剧
exacerbate v. 恶化, 增剧, 激怒, 使加剧, 使烦恼
e.g. This problems would only be exacerbated were these decisions left exclusively to federal regulators.
e.g. a speech that exacerbated racial tensions || a heavy rainfall that exacerbated the flood problems.
aggravate v.

12. 过度；过分
exorbitant adj.过度的；过高的 （exorbitant rents || exorbitantly expensive || exorbitant amount of money）
undue adj.过度的；过分的 （apply undue pressure to make s.b. change his mind）
overemphasize v.

13. 导致、造成
pose 引起某事物，造成，提出
e.g. Winter poses particular difficulties for the elderly.
e.g. However, a common curriculum that is also an exclusive one would pose certain problems.
render v.致使，造成
e.g. Your action has rendered our contract invalid.
e.g. This trend renders a society’s members more vulnerable to demagoguery.
breed v.导致；造成
e.g. The speaker unfairly suggests that large cities serve as the primary breeding ground and sanctuaries for a nation’s cultural traditions.
e.g. Dirt breeds disease. || Unemployment breeds social unrest ( 社会不安定 ) .
burgeon v.迅速发展；发芽 （burgeoning cities || burgeoning Internet commerce）
outgrowth n.长出, 派出, 结果, 副产物
e.g. A third uniquely contemporary problem is an outgrowth of the inexorable advancement of scientific knowledge.
e.g. Inflation is an outgrowth of war.

14. 探求、努力：
seek to …探求，寻求
e.g. One compelling argument in favor of a global university has to do with the fact that its faculty and students would bring diverse cultural and educational perspectives to the problems they seek to solve.
strive to …努力
e.g. students should strive to excel in the specific requirements of their major course of study
probe v./n.探求，探查
e.g. probe a matter to the bottom
e.g. Does his/her cultural background allows him/her to freely probe the intricacy of the work?
e.g. Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs.

15. 资助、赞助：
subsidize v.资助, 津贴 （Subsidizing cultural traditions is not a proper role of government.）
patron n.资助人；赞助人 （cultural patron）
on the patronage of …
e.g. culture has always depended primarily on the patronage of private individuals and businesses.
under the auspices of …
e.g. During this period, on significant scientific advances occurred under the auspices of the government.

16. 增强、提高
escalate v.增强提高 （the escalating cost of addressing these problems）
enhance/ promote/ augment / elevate v. （… was elevating their notion about …）

17. 方法、途径：
avenue n.大街, 方法, 途径, 路 （an avenue to success）
approach n.

18. ostensible adj.表面上的
e.g. Today's high-tech firms seem compelled to boldly go to what effort is required to devise increasingly complex products, for the ostensible purpose of staying ahead of their

19. 获得；达到 ||||角度；方面 ||| 短暂/长远 ||| 危险；危害 |||| 分配 ||||最后地；最终地
acquire/gain/attain/achieve |||| angles/aspect/facet/side/respect |||| transient, ephemeral / enduring, permanent |||| menace, jeopardize, imperil, endanger |||| allocate/ distribute/ assign |||| eventually/ultimately

常用单词:

表示进步,提高的动词:

improve ameliorate better develop remedy revise enhance enrich upgrade

refine



重要,关键:

important significant consequential momentous considerable essential

valuable distinctive great weighty major serious grave vital capital

substantial material; 稍微扯得远一点的还有conspicuous striking prominent

eminent noticeable



正确的,无误的:

correct rectify accurate precise proper undistorted right impeccable



增长和减少(这个超级常用!)

increase rise extend magnify decrease reduce fall amplify aggrandize

elongate intensify enhance prolong strengthen curtail shrink terminate

lessen abate raise boost intense(intensify) expand augment enlarge diminish

dwindle（swindle是诈骗的意思） slump



和证明相关的:

justify warrant assert claim contend argue validate substantiate verify

accuse assign indict allege affirm



论题:

statement claim declaration assertion opinion belief view conviction

persuasion



要求

request demand needs requisition



撤销

to cancel; to revoke; to countermand; [Law] to rescind; to quash



建立

to build up; to establish; to set up; to found; to take root; to strike

root



消除

to eliminate; to clear; to remove; to clear up; to take away; to smooth

away



推理

1.[Logic] inference; reasoning; deduction; ratiocination

2.to reason

3.to put two and two together



相应

1.corresponding; relevant; relative; fitting; appropriate

2.accordingly; correspondingly; by the same token; in a corresponding way

3.to correspond to; to act in responses; to work in concert with; to

support each other



导致

1.to lead to; to bring about (or on); to result in; to cause; to spark off;

t

o conduce to; to procure; to induce; to generate



后果

a consequence; an aftermath; an outcome



检查

to inspect; to check; to examine; to look over; to put to the test; to keep

a check on



发（奖品）

prize reward award grant assign confer(on) honor fame credit contribution

acknowledgement recognition



表示程度的副词

very strikingly greatly highly insatiably exceedingly dreadfully remarkably

drastically dramatically



足够

sufficient adequate enough



剩下几个也是常用的

present justify practicable hence consequently examination

accountable responsible



特别提醒注意的是同一个条目下面的单词之间不是完全的同义词，用法，搭配，都有区

别，各自受到限制，千万不要不加区别混用一气，一定要注意用法是否规范！






--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



写作经常用到的同义词

作者：dukesilence

来源：寄托天下





琐碎的，不重要的，微不足道的--trivial frivolous superficial trifling worthless
轻视，贬抑--disdain despise reject scorn contempt derogate disparage depreciate
嘲笑，嘲讽--deride mock ridicule scorn sneer quip flout hack jape persiflage taunt
容易冲动的--impetuous hasty headlong rash brash passionate precipitate reckless
理论家，空谈家--doctrinaire pedant theorist
残忍的，野蛮的--ferocious bloodthirsty brutal cruel fierce vicious wild atrocious
邪恶的，有害的，致命的--sinister diabolic corrupt forbidding pernicious virulent
秘密的，偷偷的--cryptic furtive covert covered hidden hideaway shelter veiled s

避难所--asylum haven home institution refuge shelter harbor
节约的--frugal prudent saving economical sparing thrifty abstemious stint
浪费的，挥霍的--prodigal extravagant lavish spendthrift wasteful squander
浪费时间，逗弄，嬉戏--dally dawdle delay lag linger loiter
祝福，感谢--benediction bless bliss blessing
欺骗，诈骗--deceive beguile dupe hoax mislead trick bamboozle cheat delude hoodwink
逃避工作--malinger goldbrick relinquish
揭密，泄漏--uncover disclose expose open reveal unmask
掠夺，抢劫--loot predate rob pillage plunder sack spoil despoil burglarize angle
诽谤，中伤--aspersion slander derogate calumniate libel discredit denigrate
赞扬--extol compliment glorify laud praise commend acclaim eulogize eucomium
颂词，表扬--laud eulogy ode hymn
反对，不赞成--demur deprecate dissent dissident
否认，拒绝，驳斥-- contradict dispute refute renounce naysay reject repudiate gainsay
哀悼，后悔，哀叹--deplore bemoan regret lament dirge bewail repent
驱逐，出境--deport banish expel expatriate evict exile oust exclude ostracism
居住--dwell abide reside inhabit occupy
夸张，吹牛--vaunt exaggerate bombast overstate full-blown overdo magnify amplify
夸张的--stilted lofty
傲慢，专横--hauteur swagger imperious arrogance overbearing preemptory scurrilous contemptuous haughty insolent arbitrary
活泼的--vivacious active animated brisk dynamic energetic exuberant gay lively
恶作剧的，顽皮的--prankish naughty impish elfish devilish mischievous puckish
笨拙的，麻烦的--cumbersome bulky burdensome clumsy troublesome unmanageable bothersome gauche antic awkward ham-handed
暴乱，骚动--agitation bother commotion fret stir riot squall
大风暴--tempest violence storm
大混乱，大灾难--havoc calamity catastrophe misfortune disaster mishap tragedy
巨大的，惊人的--prodigious colossal enormous extraordinary gigantic huge immense mammoth vast tremendous
例外的，奇特的，罕见的--exceptional remarkable stupendous
奇妙的，不可思议的--miraculous wonderful marvelous
大胆的，莽撞的--audacious bold brave daring gallant heroic valiant prowess
多产的，丰富的，繁茂的--prolific fecund fertile fruitful productive munificent prosperous affluent flourish opulent well-off plentiful abundant
贫瘠的，不孕的，不毛之地--barren sterile
贫困的，贫乏的，没钱的--indigent penurious penury impecunious improvished needy down-and -out penniless wretched destitute bankrupt
手铐，束缚--shackle handcuff manacle chain bind fetter
神秘的--mysterious esoteric occult
取消，撤销，废除--resciss repeal nullify abolish quash withdraw abrogate abolish annul cancel invalidate recall rescind revoke nullify retract overrule
使衰弱，使衰老--enfeeble enervate debilitate weaken vitiate
虚弱的，衰老的--feckless flaccid flagging languid effete
耻辱，污名--tarnish stain slur disgrace brand blemish stigma discredit humiliation
持久的--everlasting perpetual permanent endurable abiding eternal
短暂的 --momentary temporary transient ephemeral evanescent provisional
谨慎的，警觉的--wary chary vigilant discreet considerate cautious prudent careful circumspect
责备，指责，咒骂--accuse blame censure charge denounce impugn impeach indict execrate condemn criticize reproach reprove disapprove upbraid vituperate reprove injure reprehend rebuke inveigh diatribe abuse lambaste obloquy invective
免责，确定无罪--exempt exonerate exculpate invulnerable absolve
妨碍，阻挠--filibuster encumber impede hamper hinder stymie curb obstruct restrain retard hamper thwart foil clog check occlude
促进，帮助--precipitate accelerate advance facilitate hasten hurry promote quicken speed-up assist abet press
挑剔的--meticulous nitpick finicky finical exacting censoring fussy fastidious choosy critical particular selective pernickety prissy punctilious prudish
苛责，吹毛求疵的--carp cavil pick criticize quibble
迅速发展--prosper flourish thrive boom develop grow increase mushroom sprout
镇压--quell appease extinguish hush lull mollify pacify quiet smother stifle subdue suppress squelsh foil slake quench
刺激--rouse arouse awaken excite foment anger inflame kindle move pique provoke disquiet incense whet stimulate stir instigate galvanize vex rile roil annoy aggravate disturb irritate
放纵--indulge coddle pamper pander-to mollycoddle humor cater dote-on sybarite voluptuary wanton spoil
笨蛋，傻瓜--dolt numskull dunce blockhead lout idiocy idiot cretin half-wit fool dullard imbecile moron simpleton prat oaf slouch dull-head
愚蠢--idiocy stupidity absurdity madness lunacy folly
愚蠢的--crass doltish oafish imbecilic moronic fatuous vacuous
伪造，掺假--adulterate forge counterfeit falsify bogus
真正的，纯种的--genuine authentic
真实的，坦诚的，诚实的--candid candor frank fair genuine open pure trustworthy trustful veracious virtuous
减弱，降低--clam appease allay alleviate ease lessen moderate pacify relieve attenuate abate
宁静的，平静的--quiet calm serene peaceful silent still tranquil pacific composed
冷静的，不为所动的--phlegmatic impassive apathetic composed indifferent reserved unemotional unfeeling unmoved
新手，生手--apprentice neophyte novice typo greenhorn freshman uninitiated verdant
预言，预知，预告--presage predict forecast foresee foretell portend portent prophesy anticipate omen divine soothsay augur forebode presentiment
犹豫，停滞--balk boggle scruple demur falter flounder pause vacillate waver hesitate
消除，除去--efface erase obliterate raze eliminate exterminate
闲扯，瞎说--drivel prate babble chat chatter gossip blab prattle babble gabble jabber
怀脾气的，暴躁的--cantankerous cranky irascible irritable quarrelsome choleric apoplectic churlish petulant raspy
蹒跚，摇晃，跌倒--stagger lurch reel sway tumble waver flounder dodder ramshackle
昂首阔步--swagger strut
固执的--headstrong obstinate stubborn willful firm dogged adamant bullheaded pigheaded inflexible tenacious rigid stiff unbending unyielding dour bigoted recalcitrant bigotry tenacity pertinacity
温顺的，驯服的--tame obedient meek gentle docile tame bonhomie
效忠，尊敬--homage adoration deference esteem honor respect reverence veneration
忠诚--fidelity allegiance attachment devotion faith fealty loyalty
精确，准确--accuracy exactness exactitude precision
简洁的--concise terse curt brief succinct compendious condensed compressed laconic
大纲，摘要--précis compendium compendia abstract summary synopsis
扼要，说明--recapitulate summarize outline
民意测验，民意调查--gall-up pollster
仁慈的，温和的，宽大的--lenient benefic beneficent benign benignant clement indulgent merciful mild tolerant
陈旧的--antiquated banal shopworn antique moth-eaten old-fashioned cliché dated outmoded hackneyed time-worn threadbare trite immemorial obsolete
使成僵局，僵局--stalemate deadlock
粗略的，大概的,粗糙的--schematic cursory coarse crude rough vulgar churlish husky
吸引人的--intriguing alluring appealing attractive bewitching captivate charming enchanting enticing fascinating interesting inviting tantalizing tempting thrilling winning ingratiating
优势，主权，权势--clout ascendance ascendancy authority preponderance majority
荒谬的，愚蠢的，可笑的--preposterous absurd silly ridiculous senseless nonsensical
合理的--logical national reasonable sound
一致的，相等的，同样的--congruent tantamount commensurate
和睦，一致--concord harmony agreement rapport conformity
分配，给予，分发--allocate allot apportion assign distribute divide
相称的，合适的，应得的--condign becoming fitting proper suitable appropriate
微不足道的--trivial frivolous measly paltry superficial trifling worthless venial




--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



GRE作文闪亮词一束

作者:sdc1980818



inferno ： 可与幸福生活构成强对比。

inky: 用于个人或科研道路上的迷茫。

promulgate:写到政治法律方面issue，关于政策规定的公布，发布

latency: 如写到作者尚未表现出作用的潜在危险，或自己所主张的观点长远作用

connotation:很常用的一个词，常在文首用。

motivate（ignite）: 探究深层心理方面原因，寻找内内因时用。

nectar：在写艺术方面的issue时候可以考虑，描写艺术享受的时候比较有用。

emulate: 名人的作用，如是否该给科学家以大奖等的时候，可以用于描述牛人带动一片人

三个责任：obligation, responsibility, liability

三个重要：paramount, significant, important

考虑相关的词：ponder, delve, brood, speculate, deduce, 其它的就很基础，不用说了

提高/增加：augment，increase, elevation,

混乱： uproar，pandemonium, turmoil (描述驳斥政府的时候，或者写到紧急情况时的社会情况，人们的表现)

记忆：rote（关于教育的时候，说学生如何如何首其毒害，总是rote） reminisce(美好留念,9.11后人们怀念以前平静的日子) recollect()

平静相关的词： halcyon, quietude, calmness equability equanimity equilibrium impassivity, placidity

残疾；cripple, deformity:（教育类）可用来抨击一些只强调一方面而忽视另外方面的教育

错误：lapse, mistake, error, falsity, inaccuracy.（通常都要用到）

评价：evaluate, assess, estimate, judge.（通常都要用到，特别是argument）

威胁/危害：menace, jeopardize, imperil, endanger(用与极端事物对社会的危害)

分配：allot, distribute, assign （谈到社会分工以及贫富差距时候可用到）

短/长：transient, ephemeral / enduring, permanent(argument里面写##years is not long enough to make the conclusion的时候可以换换，再就是艺术的永恒，以及教育对学生的意义VS眼前的小利)。

代表：representative, mark, stand for(动词形式)，deputation。

拥有/获得：possess, hold, obtain（把持住了的，拿到了的，攥在手心的东西） acquire, gain（获得利益，知识and so on） attain, acheive(达到某种目） （这几个词在作文中的频率相当高，多记几个就能使文章词汇有所变化，看起来舒服些）

角度/方面： angles/aspect/facet/side.(段落转折处经常用到)

1. Both positive and negative effects among persons in Western society call for a balance in which there are both specialists and generalists.

2. Each person can only hold enough knowledge to add one small rung to the ladder.

3. Simply put, without specialists, our society would find itself bogged down in the Sargasso sea of information overload.

4. Education is one if the key words of our time. A man without an education, many us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities.

5. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states ‘invest’ in institutions of learning to get back ‘interest’ in the form of a large group of enlightened young man and women who are potential leaders.

6. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully work out, punctuated by text-books --- whose purchasable wells of wisdom --- what would civilization be like without its benefits?

7. We would lay less stress on ‘facts and figures’ and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens.

8. primitive cultures 原始文化 ；spiritual outlook 精神面貌；

9. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all.

10. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the ‘happy few’ during the past century.

11. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.

12. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality.

13. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to ‘buy’ an education for his children.

14. practical experience of …亲身经历。 e.g. sb. have practical experience of noise

15. On the other hand those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society.

16. One allegation often made is that noise produce mental illness.

17. Now the snag of this sort of anecdote is of course that one cannot distinguish cause and effect.

18. It is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces of land animals survive.

19. This is a skeptical age, but although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has been weaken, our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of the medicine remains the same as theirs.

20. In most parts of the world, the relationship between population and resources is already unfavorable and will probably become even more unfavorable in the future.

21. This growing poverty in the midst of growing poverty constitutes a permanent menace to peace.

22. An unfavorable relationship between numbers and resources tends to make the earning of a living almost intolerable difficult.

23. Labor is more abundant than goods, and the individual is compelled to work long hours for little pay.

24. Moreover, in any country where population presses hard upon the nature resources, the general economic situation is apt to be so precarious that government control of capital and labor, production and consumption, becomes inevitable.

25. It is always wiser and saver to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.

26. In Britain, Calder Hall on the cast of Cumberland first made its contribution to the National Electricity grid in 1957.

27. Atomic power is associated in the public mind with the destructive force of atom bombs and partly for this reason, though it is claimed that there is no danger to be associated with atomic power stations, they are being sited away from popular centers.

28. The present position is that …

29. By way of contrast, … ； for the purpose of …

30. We sometimes refer to electricity, gas or patrol as if they were the actual source of power, forgetting that electricity must be generated by the consumption of coal or oil or by the utilization of water power.

31. This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resource that could be used to developing the country.

1. This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise.

2. Such administrative overhead in a business is analogous to the cost of government in a nation.

3. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overhead will be low.

4. It is precisely the same with a nation.

5. A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.

6. we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigor and resistance …

7. differ (little) from person to person

8. so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty

9. , like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes.

10. But a watch could never repair itself --- it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction.

11. After millennia of growth so slow that each generation hardly noticed it, the cities are suddenly racing off in every direction.

12. There is no reason to believe that this pace will slacken.

13. swallow up … 淹没 e.g. As technology gradually swallows up all forms of work, …

14. This enormous increase will go ahead whatever we do, and we have to remember that the new cities devour space.

15. The car also has a curious ambivalence: it creates and then it destroys mobility.

16. This combination of very high density of population, goods and services, and machines, all increasing with almost brutal speed, does account for some really antisocial tendencies in modern urban growth.

17. He knows that if they trust him, he can give them the happiness which they carve.

18. But the plight