鲁道夫·奥托小组


	创建于2009-04-09 组长：博拉里 Rudolf Otto (September 25, 1869–6 March 1937) was an eminent German Lutheran theologian and scholar of comparative religion. Life Born in Peine near Hanover, Otto attended the Gymnasium Andreanum in Hildesheim and studied at the universities of Erlangen and Göttingen, where he wrote his dissertation on Martin Luther's understanding of the Holy Spirit, and his habilitation on Kant. By 1906, he held a position as extraordinary professor, and in 1910 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Giessen. In 1915, he became ordinary professor at the University of Breslau, and in 1917, at the University of Marburg's Divinity School, then one of the most famous Protestant seminaries in the world. Although he received several other calls, he remained in Marburg for the rest of his life. He retired in 1929 and died of pneumonia eight years later, after he had suffered serious injuries falling some 20 m from a tower. Persistent but unconfirmed rumors identified this as a suicide attempt.[1] He is buried in Marburg cemetery. The Idea of the Holy Otto's most famous work is The Idea of the Holy, published first in 1917 as Das Heilige - Über das Irrationale in der Idee des Göttlichen und sein Verhältnis zum Rationalen (The Holy - On the Irrational in the Idea of the Divine and its Relation to the Rational). It is one of the most successful German theological books of the 20th century, has never gone out of print, and is now available in about 20 languages. The book defines the concept of the holy as that which is numinous. Otto explained the numinous as a "non-rational, non-sensory experience or feeling whose primary and immediate object is outside the self". He coined this new term based on the Latin numen (deity). This expression is etymologically unrelated to Immanuel Kant's noumenon, a Greek term referring to an unknowable reality underlying all things. The numinous is a mystery (Latin: mysterium) that is both terrifying (tremendum) and fascinating (fascinans) at the same time. It also sets a paradigm for the study of religion that focuses on the need to realize the religious as a non-reducible, original category in its own right. This paradigm was under much attack between approximately 1950 and 1990 but has made a strong comeback since then, after its phenomenological aspects have become more apparent. Influence Otto left a broad influence on theology and philosophy of religion in the first half of the 20th century. German-American theologian Paul Tillich acknowledged Otto's influence on him, as did Romanian-American philosopher Mircea Eliade and Otto's most famous German pupil Gustav Mensching (1901-1978) from Bonn University. Eliade used the concepts from The Idea of the Holy as the starting point for his own 1957 book, The Sacred and the Profane. Otto was one of the very few modern theologians to whom C. S. Lewis indicates a debt, particularly the idea of the numinous in The Problem of Pain. Others to acknowledge Otto were, for instance, Martin Heidegger, Leo Strauss, John A. Sanford, Hans-Georg Gadamer (critical in his youth, respectful in his old age), Max Scheler, Ernst Jünger, Joseph Needham and Hans Jonas. Partial bibliography * Naturalism and Religion (1907), London: Williams and Norgate, Full text online at Google Books * The Life and Ministry of Jesus, According to the Critical Method (1908), Chicago: Open Court, ISBN 0-8370-4648-3. Full text online at Google Books * The Idea of the Holy (1923), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-500210-5 * Christianity and the Indian Religion of Grace, Madras 1928 * India's Religion of Grace and Christianity Compared and Contrasted, New York 1930 * The philosophy of religion based on Kant and Fries, London 1931 * Religious essays: A supplement to The Idea of the Holy, London 1931 * Mysticism east and west: A comparative analysis of the nature of mysticism, New York 1932 * The original Gita: The song of the Supreme Exalted One, London 1939 * The Kingdom of God and the Son of Man: A Study in the History of Religion, Boston 1943 * Autobiographical and Social Essays (1996), Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 3-11-014518-9 Notes 1. ^ Lindsay Jones (ed. in chief). Encyclopedia Of Religion: Second Edition. Thomson Gale, 2005, p. 6926. ISBN 0028657438. References * Gooch, Todd A. (2000). The Numinous and Modernity: An Interpretation of Rudolf Otto's Philosophy of Religion. Preface by Otto Kaiser and Wolfgang Drechsler. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-016799-9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Otto 鲁道夫·奥托　　奥托（1869年～1937年），（Otto，Rudolf），宗教学家，哲学家，基督教神学家。生于德国，先后在哥廷根、布雷斯劳和马堡大学担任教授。研究领域包括西方哲学、系统神学、新约和旧约宗教史学、印度学等，曾潜心探讨宗教本质与真理、宗教情感与体验、哲学认识论、神圣观念和神秘主义等问题。代表作为《论神圣：关于神灵观念的非理性现象和它与理性的关系》，还写有《路德的圣灵观》、《自然主义与宗教的世界观》、《东西方神秘主义》、《印度的恩典宗教与基督教》等重要著作。其对“神圣”这一宗教范畴的研究影响深远，曾为宗教现象学的发展创造了条件。他称这种超自然的“神圣”乃主客体之结合，由绝对意义的“神圣实体”和人们“对神圣的体验”所构成；人的宗教现象即因其接触这种“神圣实体”而产生的心理状态，表现为一种对之既敬畏又向往的感情交织。奥托对“神圣”的理解从宗教哲学和宗教心理学意义上深化了对“宗教之人”的认识，启发人们从神人交感这种神秘体验上来揭示宗教现象的奥秘。 http://baike.baidu.com/view/358968.html?fromTaglist

最近小组话题 · · · · · ·

话题	作者	回应	最后回应
Mysticism	博拉里		04-09 14:10
Emotions in the Christian Tradition	博拉里		04-09 14:08
Phenomenology of Religion	博拉里		04-09 14:07
Otto on the Numinous	博拉里		04-09 14:05
Understanding the Sacred	博拉里		04-09 14:04